Rig Veda 3.15.4: Mandala 3, Sukta 15, Mantra 4
Sukta 3.15
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (family book attribution)
Devata: Agni (Jātavedas)
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; confirm in edition)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अषाळ्हो अग्ने वृषभो दिदीहि पुरो विश्वाः सौभगा संजिगीवान् । यज्ञस्य नेता प्रथमस्य पायोर्जातवेदो बृहतः सुप्रणीते ॥
Transliteration
aṣā́ḷho agne vṛṣabhó didīhi púro víśvāḥ sáubhagā saṃjigīvā́n | yajñásya netā́ prathamásya pāyór jā́tavedo bṛhatáḥ su-praṇīte ||
Translation
不敗なるアグニよ、力の雄牛よ、燃え輝け。われらのために、幸いのあらゆる前面を征服せよ。祭祀の導き手、最初の基礎を守る護り手なるジャータヴェーダよ、われらをよく導いて広大なるものへ至らしめよ。
Word by Word
अषा॑ळ्हःunconquered, invincible
अषा॑ळ्हः:
विशेषणम् (कर्तृ-पदस्य)
TypeAdjective
Rootअषा॑ळ्ह (प्रातिपदिक; a-ṣāḷhá)
अग्नेO Agni
अग्ने:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
वृष॒भःthe bull (strong one)
वृष॒भः:
कर्तृ (दीदीहि इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun (used as epithet)
Rootवृषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
दि॑दीहिshine forth! blaze!
दि॑दीहि:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√दी (दीप्/दी; ‘to shine’), desiderative stem दिदी-
पुरःin front; forth
पुरः:
अधिकारण (दिशा/स्थान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरस् (अव्ययीभाव/अव्ययप्रयोग)
विश्वाःall (things/realms)
विश्वाः:
कर्म (संजिगीवान् इत्यस्य)
TypeAdjective (substantivized)
Rootविश्व (सर्व/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
सौभ॑गाprosperities; good fortunes
सौभ॑गा:
कर्म (संजिगीवान् इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootसौभग (प्रातिपदिक; ‘good fortune, prosperity’)
संजिगी॒वान्having conquered; victorious
संजिगी॒वान्:
कर्तृ (अग्नेः/वृषभस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeParticiple (perfect active, periphrastic sense)
Rootसम् + √जि (to conquer) → परिपूर्ण/परस्मैपद-परस्मैपद-परिप्रयोगः; क्तवतु-प्रत्ययान्तः ‘जिगीवान्’
य॒ज्ञस्य॑of the sacrifice
य॒ज्ञस्य॑:
सम्बन्ध (नेता इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
ने॒ताleader, guide
ने॒ता:
कर्तृ/विशेष्य (अग्नेः)
TypeNoun (agent)
Root√नी (to lead) + तृ (agent suffix) → नेतृ/नेता
प्र॑थ॒मस्य॑of the first
प्र॑थ॒मस्य॑:
सम्बन्ध (पायोः इत्यस्य)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)
पा॒योःof the two protections/guardings
पा॒योः:
सम्बन्ध (नेता इत्यस्य; ‘leader of the two protections/guardings’)
TypeNoun
Rootपायू (प्रातिपदिक; ‘protection, guarding’; dual form)
जात॑वेदःO Jātavedas (knower of births/all beings)
जात॑वेदः:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (proper epithet)
Rootजातवेदस् (प्रातिपदिक; epithet of Agni)
बृह॒तःof the great
बृह॒तः:
सम्बन्ध (सुप्रणीते इत्यस्य)
TypeAdjective
Rootबृहन्त् (प्रातिपदिक)
सु॑प्रणीतेin good guidance; under good leading
सु॑प्रणीते:
अधिकारण (स्थित्यर्थे: ‘in/under good guidance’)
TypeAdjective (PPP used substantively)
Rootसु- + √नी (to lead) + क्त (past passive participle) → सुप्रणीत (well-led) ; here locative
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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