Shloka 16

Sarga 93: Rāvaṇa’s Grief and Fury after Indrajit’s Fall; Move to Slay Vaidehī and Ministerial Restraint

Devanagari script

एवमादिविलापार्तंरावणंराक्षसाधिपम् ।।।।आविवेशमहान् कोपःपुत्रव्यसनसम्भवः ।

Transliteration

evam-ādi vilāpārtaṃ rāvaṇaṃ rākṣasādhipam | āviveśa mahān kopaḥ putra-vyasana-sambhavaḥ ||

Translation

羅刹の王ラーヴァナがこのように悲嘆のうちに嘆き続けると、子を失う災いから生じた大いなる憤怒が彼の内に入り、彼を捉えた。

Word by Word

• evamādi: thus and the like
• evamādi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam + ādi (प्रातिपदिके/अव्यय+नाम)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव (evam-ādi = 'thus and so on'); अव्ययवत् प्रयोग

• vilāpa-ārtam: distressed with lamentation
• vilāpa-ārtam: Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vilāpa + ārta (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (vilāpena ārtaḥ = distressed by lamentation); पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण of rāvaṇam

• rāvaṇam: Ravana
• rāvaṇam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• rākṣasādhipam: lord of the rākṣasas
• rākṣasādhipam: Karma (कर्म/Object-apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa + adhipa (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (rākṣasānām adhipaḥ = lord of rākṣasas); पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; apposition to rāvaṇam

• āviveśa: entered/seized
• āviveśa: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā + viś (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect); प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• mahān: great
• mahān: Karta (कर्ता/Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahant (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण of kopaḥ

• kopaḥ: anger
• kopaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kopa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• putravyasanasambhavaḥ: arising from the calamity concerning his son
• putravyasanasambhavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: putra + vyasana + sambhava (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (putra-vyasana-janitaḥ = arising from son's calamity); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण of kopaḥ

Context

Distressed Ravana was lamenting in this way on account of his son deserting, as anger had taken over him.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Rākṣasas
• Indrajit (implied as the son)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Unchecked grief can turn into krodha (anger), which clouds judgment; dharma requires self-mastery, especially for rulers.

What is the narrative situation?

After mourning Indrajit, Rāvaṇa’s emotional state shifts decisively into rage, setting up the next escalation in the war.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

A warning by contrast: the absence of restraint (dama) and the destructive power of anger.