Shloka 13

युद्धकाण्डे द्विनवतितमः सर्गः

Indrajit’s Fall, Rama’s Embrace, and Sushena’s Battlefield Healing

Devanagari script

कृतंपरमकळ्याणंकर्मदुष्करकर्मणा ।अद्यमन्येहतेपुत्रेरावणंनिहतंयुधि ।।।।

Transliteration

kṛtaṃ paramakalyāṇaṃ karma duṣkarakarmaṇā |

adya manye hate putre rāvaṇaṃ nihataṃ yudhi ||

Translation

「他の者には成し難き業を成す者よ、あなたはこの上なく吉祥なる働きを成し遂げた。今日、子が討たれた以上、ラーヴァナもまた戦場において既に討たれたも同然だ。」

Word by Word

• kṛtam: done, accomplished
• kṛtam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/भाव)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √kṛ (धातु))
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त; here predicative ‘done’

• parama-kalyāṇam: supremely auspicious
• parama-kalyāṇam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parama + kalyāṇa (प्रातिपदिक + प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; adjective to ‘karma’

• karma: deed
• karma: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन

• duṣkara-karmaṇā: by the doer of difficult deeds
• duṣkara-karmaṇā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duṣkara + karman (प्रातिपदिक + प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), एकवचन; ‘by one whose deeds are difficult (for others)’

• adya: today, now
• adya: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक (today/now)

• manye: I think
• manye: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: man (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; ‘I think’

• hate: when (he) is killed
• hate: Sati-saptamī (सति-सप्तमी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hata (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √han (धातु))
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त; locative absolute with ‘putre’

• putre: (his) son
• putre: Sati-saptamī (सति-सप्तमी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7), एकवचन; with ‘hate’ (locative absolute)

• rāvaṇam: Ravana
• rāvaṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन

• nihatam: slain
• nihatam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nihata (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; ni-√han (धातु))
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; past passive participle qualifying ‘rāvaṇam’

• yudhi: in battle
• yudhi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yudh (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7), एकवचन

Context

Lakshmana, a bull among men, body tormented by arrows, immersed in pain, breathing heavily. Rama stroking him, restoring his confidence, quickly spoke as follows.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Rāvaṇa
• Indrajit (as 'son', implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes truthful recognition of righteous effort: Rāma openly credits Lakṣmaṇa’s difficult, beneficial action and frames it as decisive against adharma.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma speaks to the wounded Lakṣmaṇa after Indrajit’s death, praising him and asserting that Rāvaṇa’s downfall is now inevitable.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Lakṣmaṇa’s extraordinary capability in duty (duṣkara-karma), and Rāma’s fairness and gratitude in acknowledging it.