Shloka 21

कुम्भकर्णवधश्रवणेन रावणविलापः

Ravana’s Lament on Hearing of Kumbhakarna’s Slaying

Devanagari script

तदिदंमामनुप्राप्तंविभीषणवचश्शुभम् ।यदज्ञानान्मयातस्य न गृहीतंमहात्मनः ।।।।

Transliteration

tad idaṃ mām anuprāptaṃ vibhīṣaṇavacaḥ śubham |

yad ajñānān mayā tasya na gṛhītaṃ mahātmanaḥ ||

Translation

この災いが今わが身に及んだのは、無知ゆえに、大いなる魂ヴィビーシャナの語った吉祥なる忠言を受け入れなかったからだ。

Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (this/that as pronoun)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (this)

• माम्: me
• माम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (अस्मद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (accusative singular)

• अनुप्राप्तम्: has come upon/has befallen
• अनुप्राप्तम्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu+pra+āp (अनु+प्र+आप् धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘माम्’ इति कर्म-सम्बन्धेन (has befallen me)

• विभीषणवचः: Vibhishana's words/advice
• विभीषणवचः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vibhīṣaṇa+vacas (विभीषण + वचस् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (विभीषणस्य वचः), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• शुभम्: auspicious/good
• शुभम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śubha (शुभ प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying ‘वचः’)

• यत्: which/that
• यत्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सम्बन्धक (relative pronoun)

• अज्ञानात्: out of ignorance
• अज्ञानात्: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ajñāna (अज्ञान प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (ablative singular: from ignorance)

• मया: by me
• मया: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (अस्मद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (instrumental singular: by me)

• तस्य: of him/of that
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (genitive singular: of him/that)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: निषेध-निपात

• गृहीतम्: accepted/taken
• गृहीतम्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: grah (ग्रह् धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोगार्थ (not accepted/taken)

• महात्मनः: of the great-souled (one)
• महात्मनः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahātman (महात्मन् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (genitive singular: of the great-souled one)

Context

"This calamity that has come upon me was because I have not taken such auspicious advice rendered by the great soul Vibheeshana."

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Vibhīṣaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma values wise counsel and truth-speaking advisors; rejecting Satya-driven guidance out of ego or ignorance invites ruin.

What is the narrative situation?

In the wake of Kumbhakarṇa’s death, Rāvaṇa reflects that his downfall stems from ignoring Vibhīṣaṇa’s earlier advice.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vibhīṣaṇa’s virtue of truthful, welfare-oriented counsel (hitavacana) is highlighted by contrast with Rāvaṇa’s refusal.