Shloka 16

कुम्भकर्णवधश्रवणेन रावणविलापः

Ravana’s Lament on Hearing of Kumbhakarna’s Slaying

Devanagari script

ध्रुवमद्यैवसंहृष्टालब्धलक्षाःप्लवङ्गमाः ।आरोक्ष्यन्तीहदुर्गाणिलङ्काद्वाराणिसर्वशः ।।।।

Transliteration

dhruvam adyaiva saṃhṛṣṭā labdhalakṣāḥ plavaṅgamāḥ |

ārokṣyantīha durgāṇi laṅkādvārāṇi sarvaśaḥ ||

Translation

まさしく今日この日、好機を得て歓喜するプラヴァンガマたちは、四方から楞迦の城壁と城門へ群がり、よじ登るであろう。

Word by Word

• ध्रुवम्: surely
• ध्रुवम्: निपात/क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dhruva (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय, निश्चयार्थक (adverb of certainty)

• अद्य: today
• अद्य: कालाधिकरण (kāla-adhikaraṇa)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय, कालवाचक (today)

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: निपात (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: निपात (restrictive/emphatic particle)

• संहृष्टाः: highly rejoiced
• संहृष्टाः: कर्ता-विशेषण (kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-√hṛṣ (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; predicate to प्लवङ्गमाः

• लब्धलक्षाः: having found an opportunity
• लब्धलक्षाः: कर्ता-विशेषण (kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: labdha + lakṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; बहुव्रीहि: लब्धं लक्षं (अवसरं/लक्ष्यं) येषां ते

• प्लवङ्गमाः: monkeys (Vanaras)
• प्लवङ्गमाः: कर्ता (Karta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: plavaṅgama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• आरोक्ष्यन्ति: will climb/assault
• आरोक्ष्यन्ति: क्रिया (kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√ruh (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• इह: here
• इह: देशाधिकरण (deśa-adhikaraṇa)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: देशवाचक अव्यय (locative adverb): here

• दुर्गाणि: fortresses
• दुर्गाणि: कर्म (Karma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: durga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• लङ्काद्वाराणि: gates of Lanka
• लङ्काद्वाराणि: कर्म (Karma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: laṅkā + dvāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष: लङ्कायाः द्वाराणि

• सर्वशः: on all sides
• सर्वशः: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sarvaśas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय, प्रकारवाचक (adverb): in every way / everywhere

Context

"I have no purpose with the kingdom. What will I do with Sita? I have lost my life and mind with Kumbhakarna's death."

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Kumbhakarṇa
• Plavaṅgamas (Vānaras)
• Laṅkā
• Gates of Laṅkā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It reflects how Adharma weakens a polity from within: when unjust leadership loses its protectors, even strong walls cannot secure it.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa foresees the immediate tactical consequence of Kumbhakarṇa’s death: the vānaras will press the attack on Laṅkā’s defenses.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The vānaras’ courage and unity in a righteous cause—acting decisively when opportunity arises.