Shloka 31

कुम्भकर्णवधः

The Slaying of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

तेषुवानरमुख्येषुपातितेषुमहात्मसु ।वानराणांसहस्राणिकुम्बकर्णंप्रदद्रुवुः ।।।।

Transliteration

teṣu vānaramukhyeṣu pātiteṣu mahātmasu |

vānarāṇāṃ sahasrāṇi kumbhakarṇaṃ pradadruvuḥ |

Translation

その偉大なるヴァーナラの首領たちが倒されるや、幾千ものヴァーナラがクンバカルナめがけて一直線に突進した。

Word by Word

• datta-prahāra-vyathitāḥ: pained by the blows dealt
• datta-prahāra-vyathitāḥ: Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: datta (कृदन्त; √dā) + prahāra (प्रातिपदिक) + vyathita (कृदन्त; √vyath)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः (तत्पुरुषः): दत्ताः प्रहाराः येन/येषां तैः व्यथिताः = 'wounded by given blows'; कर्तृ/विषय-विशेषण

• mumuhuḥ: fainted/became bewildered
• mumuhuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: muh (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• śoṇita-okṣitāḥ: splashed with blood
• śoṇita-okṣitāḥ: Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śoṇita (प्रातिपदिक) + ukṣita (कृदन्त; √ukṣ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (शोणितेन उक्षिताः)

• nipetuḥ: fell down
• nipetuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pat (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; नि-उपसर्गः

• te: they
• te: Kartā (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• tu: indeed/and
• tu: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle/conjunction)

• medinyām: on the earth/ground
• medinyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: medinī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण/Locative), एकवचन

• nikṛttāḥ: cut down
• nikṛttāḥ: Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nikṛtta (कृदन्त; √kṛt with नि-)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; कर्तृविशेषण

• iva: like
• iva: Upamāna-dyotaka (उपमानद्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमानवाचक-अव्यय (comparative particle)

• kiṃśukāḥ: kiṃśuka trees
• kiṃśukāḥ: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kiṃśuka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

Context

Being great leaders and the important among them fallen, the Vanaras went in thousands towards Kumbhakarna.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarna
• Vānara

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It points to collective duty in a righteous cause: when leaders fall, the community does not abandon the struggle but upholds responsibility through coordinated action.

What is the narrative situation?

After key Vānara chiefs are felled, the larger Vānara host advances en masse against Kumbhakarṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Dhairya and vīrya (steadfast courage and valor) of the Vānaras, shown by pressing forward despite losses.