Shloka 111

कुम्भकर्णवधः

The Slaying of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

यत्तुवीर्यबलोत्साहैस्तोषितोऽहंरणेत्वया ।राममेवैकमिच्छामिहन्तुंयस्मिन् हतेहतम् ।।।।

Transliteration

yat tu vīrya-balotsāhaiḥ toṣito 'haṃ raṇe tvayā | rāmam evai-kam icchāmi hantuṃ yasmin hate hatam ||

Translation

「まことに戦場で汝は勇気と力と熱情によって我を満足させた。だが我が望むはただ一人、ラーマを討つことのみ——彼が倒れれば、すべては倒れたも同然だ。」

Word by Word

• yat: that/inasmuch as
• yat: Sambandha
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Yat as conjunction/relative particle (यत्-सम्बन्ध) introducing reason/point

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Virodha/Anvaya particle (तु)

• vīrya-bala-utsāhaiḥ: by valor, strength, and zeal
• vīrya-bala-utsāhaiḥ: Karaṇa/Hetu (करण/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīrya (प्रातिपदिक) + bala (प्रातिपदिक) + utsāha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Samāsa: itaretara-dvandva (इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व) ‘valor, strength, and enthusiasm’; Masculine, Tṛtīyā, Bahuvacana

• toṣitaḥ: gratified
• toṣitaḥ: Karta-samānādhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tuṣ (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Kta-participle, Masculine, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicate of aham

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• raṇe: in battle
• raṇe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: raṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Saptamī, Ekavacana

• tvayā: by you
• tvayā: Karaṇa/Hetu (करण/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana

• rāmam: Rama
• rāmam: Karma (कर्म) of hantum
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• eva: only/indeed
• eva: Emphasis
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avadhāraṇa-avyaya

• ekam: alone
• ekam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: eka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; agrees with rāmam

• icchāmi: I desire
• icchāmi: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: iṣ (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ (Present), Uttama-puruṣa, Ekavacana

• hantum: to kill
• hantum: Prayojana
• Type: Verb
• Root: han (हन्) (धातु) + tumun (तुमुन्)
• Form: Infinitive (तुमुनन्त) dependent on icchāmi

• yasmin: in whom/when
• yasmin: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Masculine, Saptamī, Ekavacana; relative ‘in whom/when’

• hate: when (he is) slain
• hate: Adhikaraṇa (locative absolute)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: han (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Kta-participle, Masculine, Saptamī, Ekavacana; locative absolute with yasmin

• hatam: slain (everything is as good as slain)
• hatam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa / predicate
• Type: Adjective
• Root: han (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Kta-participle, Napumsaka? here used as predicate ‘(all is) slain’; Napumsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana (contextual)

Context

"I am gratified by your valour, strength and enthusiasm which has been exhibited by you in the battle. However, I wish to kill Rama alone."

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse reflects a battlefield hierarchy: the combatant seeks the central figure whose fall would decide the conflict. It also warns ethically about the danger of reducing persons to strategic targets—an attitude opposed to Rāma’s dharmic restraint elsewhere.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa, after acknowledging Lakṣmaṇa’s display, declares that his true objective is to slay Rāma, believing victory hinges on that act.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Lakṣmaṇa’s utsāha (ardour) is praised; Kumbhakarṇa’s resolve and strategic focus are foregrounded.