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Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 80

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

तत्तस्यवाक्यंब्रुवतोनिशम्यसगर्वितंरोषविवृद्धदोषम् ।महोदरोनैरृतयोधमुख्यःकृताञ्जलिर्वाक्यमिदंबभाषे ।।।।

Transliteration

tat tasya vākyaṃ bruvato niśamya sagarvitaṃ roṣavivṛddhadoṣam |mahōdaro nairṛtayodhamukhyaḥ kṛtāñjalir vākyam idaṃ babhāṣe ||

Translation

その言葉を聞くと——驕りに膨れ、怒りによっていよいよ苛烈となったその言葉を——羅刹の勇士の筆頭マホーダラは合掌し、次のように申し上げた。

Word by Word
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; refers to ‘that (speech)’
tasyaof him
tasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, षष्ठी, एकवचनम्; genitive singular
vākyamspeech/words
vākyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvākya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्
bruvataḥof (him) speaking
bruvataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeVerb
Rootbrū (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्तः शतृ-प्रत्ययान्तः; पुंलिङ्गे, षष्ठी, एकवचनम्; ‘of (him) speaking’
niśamyahaving heard
niśamya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootni + śam (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
Formल्यबन्त-अव्ययकृदन्तः (gerund); ‘having heard/listened’
sa-garvitamarrogant
sa-garvitam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa- + garvita (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; बहुव्रीहिः ‘गर्वः सह यस्मिन्’ = arrogant; qualifies vākyam
roṣa-vivṛddha-doṣamfull of anger-inflamed fault
roṣa-vivṛddha-doṣam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootroṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + vivṛddha (प्रातिपदिक) + doṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुष-समासः (श्रृङ्खला): ‘रोषेण विवृद्धः दोषः यस्मिन्’ = whose fault is increased by anger; qualifies vākyam
mahodaraḥMahodara
mahodaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmahodara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; proper name
nairṛta-yodha-mukhyaḥchief of the rakshasa warriors
nairṛta-yodha-mukhyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnairṛta (प्रातिपदिक) + yodha (प्रातिपदिक) + mukhya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुषः ‘नैरृतानां योधानां मुख्यः’ = chief of rakshasa warriors
kṛta-añjaliḥwith folded hands
kṛta-añjaliḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṛta (प्रातिपदिक) + añjali (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; बहुव्रीहिः ‘कृतः अञ्जलिः येन’ = with hands folded
vākyamspeech
vākyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvākya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्
idamthis
idam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्
babhāṣespoke
babhāṣe:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhāṣ (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकारः (perfect), प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; आत्मनेपदम्
Context

Hearing the words of the reply of Kumbhakarna, filled with arrogance and pride, Mahodara, chief of the army, submitted with folded hands and said.

Characters & Entities
M
Mahodara
K
Kumbhakarṇa
R
rākṣasa army (nairṛta-yodha)

FAQs

Dharma in leadership contexts values respectful counsel: Mahodara approaches with humility (folded hands), suggesting that right speech and right advising should temper rage.

After Kumbhakarṇa’s violent boasting, Mahodara prepares to respond formally and respectfully, indicating internal debate within the rākṣasa camp.

Humility and disciplined speech (vinaya): even amid war, proper conduct and counsel are portrayed as stabilizing virtues.

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