Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 58

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

सजृम्भमाणोऽतिबलःप्रद्धोनिशाचरः ।निःश्वासश्चास्यसञ्जज्ञेपर्वतादिवमारुतः ।।।।

Transliteration

sajṛmbhamāṇo ’tibalaḥ prabuddho niśācaraḥ | niḥśvāsaś cāsya sañjajñe parvatād iva mārutaḥ ||

Translation

あくびをしつつ完全に目覚めた、並外れて強大な夜の徘徊者は息を吐いた。その息は山から吹き下ろす風のように起こった。

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• jṛmbhamāṇaḥ: yawning
• jṛmbhamāṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: jṛmbh (धातु) + śānac (शानच्)
• Form: Present middle participle (शानच्), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• atibalaḥ: very strong
• atibalaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ati-bala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; karmadhāraya: 'exceedingly strong'

• prabuddhaḥ: awakened
• prabuddhaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pra-budh (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Kta/PPP, Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• niśācaraḥ: the night-ranger
• niśācaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता; apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: niśā-cara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• niḥśvāsaḥ: breath / exhalation
• niḥśvāsaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; of sañjajñe)
• Type: Noun
• Root: niḥ-śvāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (conjunction)

• asya: of him / his
• asya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana

• sañjajñe: arose / came forth
• sañjajñe: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-jan (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ-lakāra (Perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; ātmanepada

• parvatāt: from a mountain
• parvatāt: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parvata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Pañcamī, Ekavacana

• iva: like
• iva: Upamā (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Upamā-avyaya (comparative particle)

• mārutaḥ: wind
• mārutaḥ: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māruta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; upamāna

Context

As the mighty night ranger awakened and yawned continuously his breath was like wind blowing from the mountain.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Mountain (parvata)
• Wind (māruta)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse emphasizes consequence: immense force exists in the world and must be met with righteous order (dharma) and preparedness, not negligence.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa’s awakening is portrayed through physical signs—yawning and a breath compared to mountain wind.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Implied virtue is courage with clarity (dhairya + viveka) in the face of overwhelming power.