Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 2

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

मातङ्गइवसिंहेनगरुडेनेवपन्नगः ।अभिभूतोऽभवद्राजाराघवेणमहात्मना ।।।।

Transliteration

mātaṅga iva siṁhena garuḍena iva pannagaḥ | abhibhūto 'bhavad rājā rāghaveṇa mahātmanā ||

Translation

大いなる魂のラाघヴァ（ラーマ）に屈せしめられ、王（ラーヴァナ）は制圧された。獅子に抑えられる象のごとく、ガルダにねじ伏せられる蛇のごとく。

Word by Word

• mātaṅgaḥ: elephant
• mātaṅgaḥ: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mātaṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; उपमानपदम्

• iva: like
• iva: Upamā (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमावाचक-अव्ययम्

• siṃhena: by a lion
• siṃhena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: siṃha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया, एकवचनम्

• garuḍena: by Garuda
• garuḍena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: garuḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया, एकवचनम्

• iva: like
• iva: Upamā (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमावाचक-अव्ययम्

• pannagaḥ: serpent
• pannagaḥ: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pannaga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; उपमानपदम्

• abhibhūtaḥ: overpowered
• abhibhūtaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: abhi+bhūta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; abhi+√bhū)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; 'overpowered'

• abhavat: became/was
• abhavat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकारः (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• rājā: the king
• rājā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

• rāghaveṇa: by Raghava (Rama)
• rāghaveṇa: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया, एकवचनम्

• mahātmanā: by the great-souled one
• mahātmanā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā+ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया, एकवचनम्; कर्मधारयः (महान् आत्मा) विशेषणम्

Context

"Endowed with broad shoulders, he is the foremost of Rakshasas. He will crush many Vanaras immediately and the two princes (Rama and Lakshmana)."

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Rāma (Rāghava)
• Garuḍa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Adharma-backed power collapses when confronted by dharma and self-mastery; the imagery teaches that rightful strength (aligned with dharma) naturally subdues wrongful aggression.

What is the narrative situation?

After facing Rāma in the war context, Rāvaṇa is described as internally shaken and subdued by Rāma’s superior force and presence.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s mahātmatā (great-souled nobility) and righteous strength—power governed by dharma rather than rage or cruelty.