Shloka 13

द्वन्द्वयुद्धप्रवृत्तिः

Dvandva-Yuddha: The Onset of Single Combats

Devanagari script

वीरःप्रतपनोघोरोराक्षसोरणदुर्धरः ।समरेतीक्ष्णवेगेननळेनसमयुध्यत ।।6.43.13।।

Transliteration

vīraḥ pratapano ghoro rākṣaso raṇadurdharaḥ |

samare tīkṣṇavegena naḷena samayudhyata ||

Translation

勇猛にして凄絶、戦において抗し難き羅刹プラターパナは、鋭い速さで突進するナラと戦場で刃を交えた。

Word by Word

• वीरः: heroic one
• वीरः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• प्रतपनः: Pratapana (name)
• प्रतपनः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रतपन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेष्य-समनाधिकरण (apposition to वीरः)

• घोरः: terrible
• घोरः: कर्ता-विशेषण (subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: घोर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier of राक्षसः/वीरः)

• राक्षसः: rakshasa
• राक्षसः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समनाधिकरण (apposition)

• रणदुर्धरः: hard to withstand in battle
• रणदुर्धरः: कर्ता-विशेषण (subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रण + दुर्धर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (रणे दुर्धरः = hard to resist in war)

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), एकवचन; अधिकरण (locus)

• तीक्ष्णवेगेन: with sharp/rapid speed
• तीक्ष्णवेगेन: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तीक्ष्ण + वेग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (तीक्ष्णः वेगः यस्य/तीक्ष्ण-वेगः)

• नळेन: with Nala
• नळेन: सहकर्ता (Sahakartā/Co-agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नळ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सहकर्ता/प्रतियोगी (agent in mutual action)

• समयुध्यत: fought (with)
• समयुध्यत: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + युध् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; सम्-उपसर्ग; परस्परकर्मक (mutual fighting)

Context

Mighty Sushena, the righteous son fought with well known Vidyunmali. And fierce monkeys and Rakshasas fought in dual war with each other.

Characters & Entities

• Pratapana
• Nala
• Rākṣasas
• Vānaras

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is shown as resolute performance of one’s role in a just war: Nala stands firm against a powerful aggressor, embodying duty-driven resistance to adharma.

What is the narrative situation?

A specific duel is highlighted: the rākṣasa Pratapana engages the vānaras’ warrior Nala in fast, forceful combat.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courage under pressure—meeting a “hard-to-withstand” enemy without retreat.