Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 31, Shloka 27

मायाशिरोप्रदर्शनम्

The Display of the Illusory Head of Rāma

Devanagari script

जाम्बवानथजानुभ्यामुत्पतन्निहतोयुधि ।पट्टसैर्बहुभिश्छिन्नोनिकृत्तःपादपोयथा ।।।।

Transliteration

jāmbavān atha jānubhyām utpatan nihato yudhi | paṭṭasair bahubhiś chinnaḥ nikṛttaḥ pādapo yathā ||

Translation

そしてジャーンバヴァーンは、戦場で膝をついて起き上がろうとしたが、多くのパッタサの刃に断ち刻まれ、伐られた樹のように倒れた。

Word by Word

• jāmbavān: Jambavan
• jāmbavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jāmbavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• atha: then
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अनन्तर-बोधक अव्यय (then)

• jānubhyām: with (his) two knees
• jānubhyām: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jānu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), द्विवचन (dual)

• utpatan: while leaping up
• utpatan: Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud-√pat (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अर्थ: ‘उत्पतन्’ (while leaping/rising)

• nihataḥ: was struck down
• nihataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nihata (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; ni-√han धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (struck down), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण of ‘jāmbavān’

• yudhi: in battle
• yudhi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yudh (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन

• paṭṭasaiḥ: by swords/axes (paṭṭasas)
• paṭṭasaiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paṭṭasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन

• bahubhiḥ: by many
• bahubhiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bahu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन; विशेषण of ‘paṭṭasaiḥ’

• chinnaḥ: cut
• chinnaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: chinna (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √chid धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (cut), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण of ‘jāmbavān’

• nikṛttaḥ: felled
• nikṛttaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nikṛtta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; ni-√kṛt/√kṛt ‘to cut’ धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (hewn down), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण of ‘jāmbavān’

• pādapaḥ: a tree
• pādapaḥ: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pādapa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• yathā: like/as
• yathā: Upamā-dyotaka (उपमा-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-बोधक अव्यय (comparative particle: like/as)

Context

"Mainda and Dwivida of huge bodies, who are slayers of enemies, the bulls among Vanaras are breathing hard, and bathed in blood roaring, having been cutin the middle of their body."

Characters & Entities

• Jāmbavān
• battlefield (yudhi)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It underscores the harsh cost of war; dharma in warfare requires restraint and truthfulness in reporting, not exaggeration for propaganda.

What is the narrative situation?

The speaker depicts leading allies of Rāma as being cut down, building a picture of total defeat.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courage and persistence—Jāmbavān is portrayed still attempting to rise and fight despite injury.