Shloka 1

वानर-ऋक्ष-सेना-प्रशंसा

Cataloguing the Vanara and Bear Forces

Devanagari script

तांस्तुतेऽहंप्रवक्ष्यामिप्रेक्षमाणस्ययूथपान् ।राघवार्थेपराक्रान्तायेनरक्षन्तिजीवितम् ।।।।

Transliteration

tāṃs tu te 'haṃ pravakṣyāmi prekṣamāṇasya yūthapān | rāghavārthe parākrāntā ye na rakṣanti jīvitam ||

Translation

あなたが見つめているあの部隊長たちを、私は語ろう。彼らはラाघァヴァの大義のために勇躍して進み、己が命に執着しない英雄たちである。

Word by Word

• तान्: those
• तान्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थ (but/indeed)

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया/चतुर्थी (Acc/Dat) एकवचन; सर्वनाम; अत्र दत्तिवाचकः (to you)

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• प्रवक्ष्यामि: will describe/tell
• प्रवक्ष्यामि: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√vac (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Future), प्रथमपुरुष? (actually उत्तमपुरुष/1st person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; धातु √वच् (to speak) उपसर्गः प्र-

• प्रेक्षमाणस्य: of you who are watching
• प्रेक्षमाणस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pra-√īkṣ (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle) ‘प्रेक्षमाण’; षष्ठी एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग; ‘of (you) who are looking/observing’

• यूथपान्: troop-leaders
• यूथपान्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yūthapa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• राघवार्थे: for Rāghava's cause
• राघवार्थे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava-artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (राघवस्य अर्थः)

• पराक्रान्ताः: highly valiant
• पराक्रान्ताः: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parā-krānta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण

• ये: who
• ये: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; यत्-सम्बन्धी सर्वनाम

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)

• रक्षन्ति: protect/care for
• रक्षन्ति: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √rakṣ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• जीवितम्: life
• जीवितम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jīvita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Context

"I will describe the Vanara force, who are not caring for their lives for the cause of Raghava. You may see."

Characters & Entities

• Sāraṇa
• Rāvaṇa
• Rāghava (Rāma)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here appears as steadfast loyalty to a righteous cause—risking oneself for Rāghava’s mission rather than self-preservation.

What is the narrative situation?

Sāraṇa begins his report to Rāvaṇa, introducing the Vānara commanders who fight selflessly for Rāma.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Tyāga (self-sacrifice) and vīrya (heroic courage) in service of a dharmic leader.