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Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 12, Shloka 28

युद्धकाण्डे द्वादशः सर्गः — रावणस्य परिषद्-सम्बोधनं कुम्भकर्णस्य नीत्युपदेशश्च

Ravana’s Council Address and Kumbhakarna’s Counsel

यदातुरामस्यसलक्ष्मणस्यप्रसह्यसीताखलुसाइहाऽहृता ।सकृत्समीक्ष्यैवसुनिश्चितंतदाभजेतचित्तंयमुनेवयामुनम् ।।6.12.28।।

yadā tu rāmasya salakṣmaṇasya prasahya sītā khalu sai hā'hṛtā |

sakṛt samīkṣyaiva suniścitaṃ tadā bhajeta cittaṃ yamuneva yāmunam ||6.12.28||

ラーマがラクシュマナと共にいたその時、シーターが力ずくで奪われたのだ。おまえは前もって一度でも省みるべきであった。そうすれば心は堅固な決意に定まり、ヤムナーがその流れを満たすがごとくであったろう。

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण-कालय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक (when)
तुindeed/but
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधान/विरोध (but/indeed)
रामस्यof Rama
रामस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootराम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन (Genitive singular)
सलक्ष्मणस्यtogether with Lakshmana
सलक्ष्मणस्य:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस + लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समास (लक्ष्मणेन सह); पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन; विशेषण (Genitive singular qualifying रामस्य)
प्रसह्यforcibly
प्रसह्य:
Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र + सह् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund); अव्ययभाव (by force/forcibly; having overpowered)
सीताSita
सीता:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसीता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (Nom singular)
खलुindeed
खलु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootखलु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निश्चय/उपपत्ति (particle: indeed/surely)
साshe
सा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (Nom singular: she)
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण-देश)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देशवाचक (adverb: here)
आहृताwas brought
आहृता:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootआ + हृ (धातु) + आहृत (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त); स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (was brought)
सकृत्once
सकृत्:
Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसकृत् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; संख्यावाचक-काल (once)
समीक्ष्यhaving considered
समीक्ष्य:
Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् + ईक्ष् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund); अव्ययभाव (having considered/examined)
एवindeed/only
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारण (particle: only/indeed)
सुनिश्चितम्well decided
सुनिश्चितम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु + निश्चित (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; विशेषण (Acc singular: well-decided)
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण-कालय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक (then)
अभजेतshould have adopted
अभजेत:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअभि + भज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative); प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; आत्मनेपद (should have resorted/should have applied)
चित्तम्mind
चित्तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootचित्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular)
यमुनाYamuna (river)
यमुना:
Upamana (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootयमुना (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (Nom singular; upamāna)
इवlike
इव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपमावाचक (particle: like/as)
यामुनम्the Yamuna-water/current (Yamuna-related)
यामुनम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootयामुन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular; object of implied verb in simile)

"If you had at that time, that is before bringing Sita by force, which was accompanied by Rama and Lakshmana, discussed, and thought of, then you would be sure in your mind like the Yamuna River filling the Yamuna (mountain )."

K
Kumbhakarṇa
R
Rāvaṇa
R
Rāma
L
Lakṣmaṇa
S
Sītā
Y
Yamunā

FAQs

Dharma in governance requires forethought and moral restraint; rash acts driven by desire (like abducting Sītā) create inevitable consequences. Wise counsel is to deliberate before wrongdoing, not after danger arrives.

Kumbhakarṇa rebukes Rāvaṇa, saying he should have considered the implications before abducting Sītā from Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa.

Viveka (discernment) and timely deliberation—qualities essential to rājadharma—are presented as the missing virtue in Rāvaṇa’s earlier decision.

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