Shloka 1

रावणस्य सभाप्रवेशः

Ravana Enters the Royal Assembly and Summons Counsel

Devanagari script

सबभूवकृशोराजामैथिलीकाममोहितः ।असन्मानाच्चसुहृदांपापंपापेनकर्मणा ।।।।

Transliteration

sa babhūva kṛśo rājā maithilī-kāma-mohitaḥ | asanmānāc ca suhṛdāṁ pāpaṁ pāpena karmaṇā ||6.11.1||

Translation

王はマイティリーへの欲望に惑わされてやせ衰え、罪深き行いによって罪人となり、ついには親しき者からさえ軽んじられた。

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन (Singular); सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• बभूव: became
• बभूव: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)

• कृशः: emaciated/weak
• कृशः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण (adjective) to राजा

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• मैथिली-काम-मोहितः: deluded by desire for Maithili
• मैथिली-काम-मोहितः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मैथिली (प्रातिपदिक) + काम (प्रातिपदिक) + मोहित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (Determinative: 'deluded by desire for Maithilī'); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण (adjective) to राजा; मोहित = मुह् (धातु) से क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle)

• असन्मानात्: from disrespect/through dishonor
• असन्मानात्: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असन्मान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative, 5th), एकवचन (Singular); हेतौ/कारणे (cause)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction: 'and')

• सुहृदाम्: of friends/well-wishers
• सुहृदाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुहृद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive, 6th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• पापम्: sinful/wicked
• पापम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन (Singular); विधेय-विशेषण (predicative adjective) to सः/राजा

• पापेन: by sinful
• पापेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग (Neuter/Masculine usage), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental, 3rd), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण (adjective) to कर्मणा

• कर्मणा: by action/deed
• कर्मणा: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental, 3rd), एकवचन (Singular)

Context

Infatuated with passion towards Mythili, disregarded by his dear ones on account of sinful actions, sinner Ravana became weak.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Sītā (Maithilī)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse teaches that unchecked kāma (desire) leads to adharma: moral failure erodes inner strength and social trust, isolating a person even from true well-wishers.

What is the narrative situation?

A narrative description of Rāvaṇa’s deteriorating condition and reputation due to his obsession with Sītā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast (through negation), the virtue emphasized is self-control; the verse shows the consequences when it is absent.