Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 56, Shloka 30

षट्पञ्चाशः सर्गः — वैदेही-आश्वासनम् तथा अरिष्टारोहणम्

Consoling Sita and Ascending Mount Arishta

Devanagari script

अतिप्रमाणा बलिनो दीप्तजिह्वा महाविषाः।।।।निपीडितशिरोग्रीवा व्यचेष्टन्त महाहयः।

Transliteration

atipramāṇā balino dīptajihvā mahāviṣāḥ | nipīḍitaśirogrīvā vyaceṣṭanta mahāhayaḥ ||

Translation

巨大で力強く、舌は燃えるように輝き猛毒をもつ大蛇たちは、ハヌマーンの圧倒する力により頭と首を押さえつけられ、もがき暴れた。

Word by Word

• अतिप्रमाणाः: of excessive size
• अतिप्रमाणाः: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अति + प्रमाण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (अति-पूर्वपद; intensifying), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण of महाहयः

• बलिनः: strong
• बलिनः: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बलिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण of महाहयः

• दीप्तजिह्वाः: having blazing tongues
• दीप्तजिह्वाः: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीप्त + जिह्वा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि (possessive: दीप्ताः जिह्वाः येषाम्), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण of महाहयः

• महाविषाः: highly venomous
• महाविषाः: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा + विष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि (possessive: महत् विषं येषाम्), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण of महाहयः

• निपीडितशिरोग्रीवाः: with heads and necks pressed down
• निपीडितशिरोग्रीवाः: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि + पीडित + शिरस् + ग्रीवा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि (possessive: निपीडिते शिरः-ग्रीवे येषाम्), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण of महाहयः

• व्यचेष्टन्त: writhed; struggled
• व्यचेष्टन्त: क्रिया (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + चेष्ट् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन

• महाहयः: great serpents
• महाहयः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा + अहि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय (descriptive: महान्तः अहयः), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

Context

"If Kakutstha Rama, the slayer of enemy forces comes to Lanka, fills it with his arrows and takes me back, it will be worthy of him.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān (implied agent of crushing)
• Serpents (mahāhayaḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse supports the narrative dharma of protecting the righteous mission: Hanumān’s overwhelming power is portrayed as an instrument serving a higher, lawful purpose (service to Rāma and Sītā), not personal cruelty.

What is the narrative situation?

As Hanumān exerts force upon a mountain, even its dangerous serpents are subdued and writhe under the pressure.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanumān’s extraordinary strength under control—power directed toward completing duty.