Shloka 46

हनूमदुपदेशः रावणस्य च कोपः

Hanuman’s Counsel to Ravana and Ravana’s Wrath

Devanagari script

स सौष्ठवोपेतमदीनवादिनः कपेर्निशम्याप्रतिमोऽप्रियं वचः।दशाननः कोपविवृत्तलोचनः समादिशत्तस्य वधं महाकपेः।।।।

Transliteration

sa sauṣṭhavopetam adīnavādinaḥ kaper niśamyāpratimo ’priyaṃ vacaḥ |

daśānanaḥ kopavivṛtta-locanaḥ samādiśat tasya vadhaṃ mahākapeḥ ||

Translation

その猿の、耳に痛いがよく練られ、少しも怯まぬ言葉を聞くや、比類なき十頭の者は怒りに目を翻し、大いなるハヌマーンの処刑を命じた。

Word by Word

• saḥ: he (Ravana)
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• sauṣṭhava-upetam: endowed with great skill
• sauṣṭhava-upetam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sauṣṭhava (प्रातिपदिक) + upeta (कृदन्त, उप-इ √i/एति)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (सौष्ठवेन उपेतम् = endowed with skill)

• adīna-vādinaḥ: of the dignified speaker
• adīna-vādinaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adīna (प्रातिपदिक) + vādin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (अदीनः वादी = dignified speaker)

• kapeḥ: of the monkey (Hanuman)
• kapeḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kapi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन

• niśamya: having heard
• niśamya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial to main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śam (धातु) with नि- उपसर्ग; ल्यबन्त (absolutive)
• Form: क्त्वान्त/ल्यबन्त अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund/Absolutive): ‘having heard/listened’

• apratimaḥ: unequalled
• apratimaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier of saḥ=daśānanaḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-pratima (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; नञ्-समास/निषेध (unmatched)

• apriyam: unpleasant
• apriyam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier of vacaḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-priya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; नञ्-प्रत्यय (unpleasant)

• vacaḥ: words/speech
• vacaḥ: Karma (कर्म/Object of niśamya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vacas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• daśānanaḥ: the ten-headed one (Ravana)
• daśānanaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daśa-ānana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि (दश आननानि यस्य सः = ten-faced)

• kopa-vivṛtta-locanaḥ: with eyes rolling in anger
• kopa-vivṛtta-locanaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier of daśānanaḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kopa (प्रातिपदिक) + vivṛtta (कृदन्त, √vṛt) + locana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (कोपेन विवृत्ते लोचने यस्य = whose eyes are rolling due to anger)

• samādiśat: ordered
• samādiśat: Kriyā (क्रिया/Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-√diś (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• tasya: of him (that one)
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/सर्वलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• vadham: killing/slaying
• vadham: Karma (कर्म/Object of samādiśat)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vadha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• mahākapeḥ: of the great monkey (Hanuman)
• mahākapeḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + kapi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (महान् कपिः = great monkey)

Context

The ten-headed Ravana who was of matchless strength, hearing the unpleasant words of advice and warning expressed skilfully with dignity by the great Hanuman, enraged Ravana, his eyes rolling in anger ordered the execution of Hanuman.ityārṣē śrīmadrāmāyaṇē vālmīkīya ādikāvyē sundarakāṇḍē ēkapañcāśassargaḥ৷৷Thus ends the fiftyfirst sarga of Sundarakanda of the holy Ramayana, the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa (Daśānana)
• Hanumān

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Rejecting truthful counsel due to anger leads to adharma: Rāvaṇa responds to moral warning not with reflection but with violent command, illustrating how krodha corrupts judgment.

What is the narrative situation?

After Hanumān’s admonition in the court, Rāvaṇa becomes enraged and orders Hanumān’s death.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanumān’s adīnatā (fearlessness) and dignified speech; in contrast, Rāvaṇa’s vice—anger-driven misuse of authority—is highlighted.