Shloka 5

षट्चत्वारिंशः सर्गः

Ravana Deploys Five Generals; Hanuman Destroys the Commanders and the Remaining Host

Devanagari script

यत्नैश्च खलु भाव्यं स्यात्तमासाद्य वनालयम्।कर्म चापि समाधेयं देशकालाविरोधिनम्।।।।

Transliteration

yatnaiś ca khalu bhāvyaṃ syāt tam āsādya vanālayam |

karma cāpi samādheyaṃ deśakālāvirodhinam ||

Translation

「森に住むあの者に到達したなら、全力を尽くして事に当たれ。しかも行うべきは、場所と時に背かぬ策である。」

Word by Word

• यत्नैः: with efforts
• यत्नैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), तृतीया (3rd case/instrumental), बहुवचन (plural)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• खलु: indeed
• खलु: Prayojaka particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: खलु (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चय/अवधारणार्थक अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• भाव्यम्: should be done / must be acted upon
• भाव्यम्: Kriya (क्रियाविशेष/विधेय)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (gerundive/भाव्यत्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; विधेय-भाव: ‘to be done/should be acted’

• स्यात्: should be / may be
• स्यात्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative/संभावना), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular), परस्मैपद

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (कर्म) of ‘आसाद्य’
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया (accusative), एकवचन (singular)

• आसाद्य: having reached / after approaching
• आसाद्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-√सद् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable); ‘having reached/approached’

• वनालयम्: the forest-dweller
• वनालयम्: Apposition to ‘तम्’ (कर्म-विशेषण/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन-आलय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया (accusative), एकवचन (singular); तत्पुरुषः: वने आलयः यस्य (forest-dweller)

• कर्म: action / measure
• कर्म: Karma (कर्म) (thing to be undertaken)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (nom/acc), एकवचन (singular)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• अपि: also
• अपि: Prayojaka particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: सम्भावना/अपि-समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (also/even)

• समाधेयम्: should be properly undertaken
• समाधेयम्: Kriya (विधेय)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-√धा (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (gerundive/णीयत्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘to be arranged/decided/undertaken’

• देशकालाविरोधिनम्: not contrary to place and time
• देशकालाविरोधिनम्: Visheshana (विशेषण) of ‘कर्म/समाधेयम्’
• Type: Adjective
• Root: देश-काल-अविरोधिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), द्वितीया (accusative), एकवचन (singular); तत्पुरुषः: देशे काले च अविरोधि

Context

"Go to that forest-dweller and make all efforts to impose on him punishment appropriate to time and place (keeping in view the harm he has done).

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Even in conflict, action should be deśa-kāla-yukta—appropriate to context. The Ramāyaṇa repeatedly treats right means as part of dharma, not only the intended end.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa advises his generals to approach Hanumān with determined effort and to choose tactics suited to the situation.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Nīti (strategic prudence)—though spoken by an adharmic ruler, the counsel reflects practical statecraft.