Shloka 31

षट्चत्वारिंशः सर्गः

Ravana Deploys Five Generals; Hanuman Destroys the Commanders and the Remaining Host

Devanagari script

ततस्तांस्त्रीन्हतान्ज्ञात्वा वानरेण तरस्विना।।।।अभिपेदे महावेगः प्रसह्य प्रघसो हरिम्।भासकर्णश्च सङ्कृद्धश्शूलमादाय वीर्यवान्।।।।

Transliteration

tatas tāṃs trīn hatān jñātvā vānarēṇa tarasvinā | abhipēdē mahāvēgaḥ prasahya praghaso harim |

bhāsakarṇaś ca saṅkṛddhaḥ śūlam ādāya vīryavān ||

Translation

俊敏な猿がその三人を討ったと知るや、猛攻をもって名高いプラガサは力ずくでハヌマーンに突進した。さらにバースカルナも、憤怒しつつ勇ましく、手に三叉槍（シュールァ）を携えて進み出た。

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय

• tān: those
• tān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• trīn: three
• trīn: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tri (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; संख्यावाचक विशेषण (qualifying tān)

• hatān: killed
• hatān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: han (हन् धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying tān trīn)

• jñātvā: having learned/knowing
• jñātvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: jñā (ज्ञा धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund); ‘having known’

• vānarena: by the vanara
• vānarena: Karaṇa (करण/Agent in passive sense of ‘killed by’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• tarasvinā: by the powerful/swift one
• tarasvinā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tarasvin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying vānarena)

• abhipede: attacked/assailed
• abhipede: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-pad (पद् धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• mahā-vegaḥ: very swift
• mahā-vegaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā + vega (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying praghasaḥ)

• prasahya: forcibly
• prasahya: Rīti (रीति)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pra-sah (सह् धातु)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (absolutive/adverbial: forcibly)

• praghāsaḥ: Praghāsa
• praghāsaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: praghāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेष-नाम

• harim: Hanuman/the vanara
• harim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• bhāsakarṇaḥ: Bhāsakarṇa
• bhāsakarṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāsakarṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेष-नाम

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• saṅkṛddhaḥ: enraged
• saṅkṛddhaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃ-krudh (क्रुध् धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle, adjectival); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘enraged’

• śūlam: a trident/spear
• śūlam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śūla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ādāya: having taken
• ādāya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-dā (दा धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund); ‘having taken up’

• vīryavān: valiant/powerful
• vīryavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vīrya-vat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; मतुप्-प्रत्ययान्त

Context

Finding all the three generals dead, swift Praghasa advanced towards the Vanara and attacked him. Valiant Bhasakarna also lifted a trident and attacked him. Both were famous for swift and violent action in war

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Praghasa
• Bhāsakarṇa
• Śūla (trident)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It shows how adharma escalates through anger and vengeance. Dharma counsels measured response and adherence to truth; rage-driven retaliation perpetuates destruction.

What is the narrative situation?

With three generals already killed, Praghasa and Bhāsakarṇa step in and charge Hanumān—Bhāsakarṇa armed with a trident.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanumān’s unwavering commitment is implied: successive waves of enemies continue to come, yet he remains undeterred in his mission.