Shloka 20

अभिज्ञानदानम् / The Gift of Recognition

Sita’s Token and Resolve

Devanagari script

तमुत्पातकृतोत्साहमवेक्ष्य हरिपुङ्गवम्।।5.40.20।।वर्धमानं महावेगमुवाच जनकात्मजा।अश्रुपूर्णमुखी दीना बाष्पगद्गदया गिरा।।5.40.21।।

Transliteration

tam utpātakṛtotsāham avekṣya haripuṅgavam ||5.40.20||

vardhamānaṃ mahāvegam uvāca janakātmajā |

aśrupūrṇamukhī dīnā bāṣpagadgadayā girā ||5.40.21||

Translation

跳躍への気迫に満ち、凄まじい速さで身を大きくしてゆく猿族の雄を見て、ジャナカの娘は語った。哀れに沈み、涙に濡れた顔で、すすり泣きに声を詰まらせながら。

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (कर्म) (object of अवेक्ष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; refers to Hanuman

• उत्पात-कृत-उत्साहम्: whose zeal was for a leap
• उत्पात-कृत-उत्साहम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) (qualifies तम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्पात (प्रातिपदिक) + कृत (कृ धातु, क्त) + उत्साह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: ‘उत्पातेन कृतः उत्साहः यस्य’ (zeal caused for leaping)

• अवेक्ष्य: having looked at
• अवेक्ष्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव + ईक्ष् (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त (gerund) ‘having looked at’

• हरिपुङ्गवम्: chief of monkeys
• हरिपुङ्गवम्: Karma (कर्म) (object of अवेक्ष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि + पुंगव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (हरीणां पुंगवम्)

• वर्धमानम्: growing / increasing
• वर्धमानम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृध् (धातु) + शानच्/मान (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ/शानच्-समकक्ष ‘मान’ कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifies तम्)

• महावेगम्: of great speed
• महावेगम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा + वेग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (महान् वेगः यस्य)

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• जनकात्मजा: Janaka's daughter
• जनकात्मजा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनक + आत्मजा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (जनकस्य आत्मजा)

• अश्रु-पूर्ण-मुखी: with face full of tears
• अश्रु-पूर्ण-मुखी: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) (qualifies जनकात्मजा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अश्रु (प्रातिपदिक) + पूर्ण (प्रातिपदिक) + मुखी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: ‘अश्रुभिः पूर्णं मुखं यस्याः’

• दीना: wretched
• दीना: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

• बाष्प-गद्गदया: with tear-choked
• बाष्प-गद्गदया: Karaṇa (करण) (instrumental with गिरा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बाष्प (प्रातिपदिक) + गद्गद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘बाष्पेण गद्गदा’ (choked with tears)

• गिरा: with (her) speech/words
• गिरा: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिर् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

Context

Seeing Hanuman eager to leap, enlarging his body quickly, she appeared pitiable with her face filled with tears and throat choked.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Sītā (Janakātmajā)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes compassion toward those in suffering; the scene frames Sītā’s righteous endurance and the urgency of rescue aligned with justice.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān prepares to depart (and leap back), expanding his form; Sītā, overwhelmed with emotion, begins to address him with tear-choked words.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanumān’s heroic readiness and energy; Sītā’s steadfastness under grief and her sincere, truthful expression.