Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 30, Shloka 8

हनुमता सीतासंवादोपायचिन्ता

Hanuman’s Deliberation on How to Address Sita

Devanagari script

यद्यप्यहमिमां देवीं शोकोपहतचेतनाम्।अनाश्वास्य गमिष्यामि दोषवद्गमनं भवेत्।।।।

Transliteration

yady apy aham imāṃ devīṃ śokopahatacetanām |

anāśvāsya gamiṣyāmi doṣavad gamanaṃ bhavet ||

Translation

たとえ私が立ち去るとしても、悲しみに打ちひしがれた心のままこの高貴なる御方を慰めずに残すなら、私の去り際は咎められるべきものとなろう。

Word by Word

• यदि: if
• यदि: सम्बन्ध (Condition marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)
• Form: शर्त-अव्यय (conditional particle)

• अपि: even though
• अपि: सम्बन्ध (Concession marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (concessive/emphatic particle)

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: कर्ता (Karta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• इमाम्: this (lady)
• इमाम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• देवीम्: the noble lady (Sita)
• देवीम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• शोकोपहतचेतनाम्: whose mind is overwhelmed by grief
• शोकोपहतचेतनाम्: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शोक + उपहत + चेतना (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि समास (शोकेन उपहता चेतना यस्याः); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण

• अनाश्वास्य: without consoling
• अनाश्वास्य: पूर्वक्रिया (Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + श्वस् (धातु)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund/absolutive), नञ्-पूर्वक; पूर्वकाल (having not consoled)

• गमिष्यामि: I will go
• गमिष्यामि: क्रिया (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Simple future/भविष्यत्), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• दोषवत्: blameworthy
• दोषवत्: विधेय (Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दोषवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (qualifying gamanam)

• गमनम्: going, departure
• गमनम्: कर्ता (Karta; subject of bhavet)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गमन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• भवेत्: would be
• भवेत्: क्रिया (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative/सम्भावना), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

Context

"I have seen the ability of the demons and the citadel of Lanka. I have seen the power of Ravana the demon king.

Characters & Entities

• Sītā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is not merely mission success but moral completeness: abandoning a grief-stricken person without aid is an ethical failure, even if other objectives are met.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān weighs whether to return after locating Sītā; he concludes he must first reassure her.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Nīti (moral judgment) and empathy—Hanumān evaluates his action by whether it is ethically defensible.