Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 3, Shloka 29

लङ्काप्रवेशः

Hanuman Enters Lanka and Encounters Laṅkā-devatā

Devanagari script

न शक्या मामवज्ञाय प्रवेष्टुं नगरी त्वया।अद्य प्राणैः परित्यक्तः स्वप्स्यसे निहतो मया।।।।

Transliteration

na śakyā mām avajñāya praveṣṭuṃ nagarī tvayā | adya prāṇaiḥ parityaktaḥ svapsyase nihato mayā ||

Translation

私を無視してこの都に入ることはできない。今日、私に殺され、お前は命を捨てて死の眠りにつくであろう。

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• शक्या: possible
• शक्या: विधेय (Predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषणम् (possible)

• माम्: me
• माम्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• अवज्ञाय: having ignored
• अवज्ञाय: पूर्वक्रिया (Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव-ज्ञा (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund), पूर्वक्रिया (having disregarded/insulted)

• प्रवेष्टुम्: to enter
• प्रवेष्टुम्: प्रयोजन (Purpose)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-विश् (धातु) + तुमुन् (कृदन्त)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त infinitive

• नगरीम्: the city
• नगरीम्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नगरी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: कर्ता (Agent in passive construction)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• अद्य: today
• अद्य: कालाधिकरणम् (Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (today/now)

• प्राणैः: with (your) life-breaths
• प्राणैः: वियोग/सह (Separation/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्राण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• परित्यक्तः: having abandoned / bereft of
• परित्यक्तः: विधेय (Predicate attribute)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि-त्यज् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; त्वम् इति कर्तृपदस्य विशेषणम् (abandoned)

• स्वप्स्यसे: you will sleep
• स्वप्स्यसे: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्वप् (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Future), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपदम्

• निहतः: slain
• निहतः: विधेय (Predicate attribute)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि-हन् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; त्वम् इति कर्तृपदस्य विशेषणम्

• मया: by me
• मया: कर्ता (Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

Context

"It is not possible for you to enter this city ignoring my presence. Soon you will be killed. You will give up your life and attain eternal sleep.

Characters & Entities

• Laṅkā
• Hanumān

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse problematizes coercion: it shows how power asserts itself through threats, inviting reflection on dharmic force—violence is not dharmic merely because it is authorized.

What is the narrative situation?

The guardian blocks Hanumān’s entry and threatens to kill him if he proceeds.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

From the antagonist’s side: uncompromising enforcement; from the epic’s ethical lens: a contrast that sets up Hanumān’s controlled strength.