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Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 3, Shloka 18

लङ्काप्रवेशः

Hanuman Enters Lanka and Encounters Laṅkā-devatā

तां रत्नवसनोपेतां कोष्ठागारावतंसकाम्।यन्त्रागारस्तनीमृद्धां प्रमदामिव भूषिताम्।।।।तां नष्टतिमिरां दीप्तैर्भास्वरैश्च महागृहैः।नगरीं राक्षसेन्द्रस्य स ददर्श महाकपिः।।।।

tāṃ ratnavasanopetāṃ koṣṭhāgārāvataṃsakām | yantrāgārastanīmṛddhāṃ pramadām iva bhūṣitām ||

tāṃ naṣṭatimirāṃ dīptair bhāsvaraiś ca mahāgṛhaiḥ | nagarīṃ rākṣasendrasya sa dadarśa mahākapiḥ ||

大いなるヴァーナラは、羅刹の王の都を見た。まばゆく輝く大邸宅の光により闇は消え去り、その都は飾られた若き女のようであった――宝玉をちりばめた衣をまとい、蔵と倉を耳飾りとし、武器庫を豊かな乳房のごとく備えて。

ताम्that
ताम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; refers to ‘नगरीम्’
रत्नवसनोपेताम्adorned with jeweled garments
रत्नवसनोपेताम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootरत्न + वसन + उपेत (प्रातिपदिके)
Formतत्पुरुष (रत्न-वसन = ‘gem(-like)/jeweled garments’ + उपेत ‘endowed with’ from √इ ‘to go’ with उप-); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; qualifying ‘नगरीम्’
कोष्ठागारावतंसकाम्with storehouses as ornaments
कोष्ठागारावतंसकाम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootकोष्ठागार + अवतंसक (प्रातिपदिके)
Formतत्पुरुष; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘having storehouses as ornaments/earrings’ (metaphor)
यन्त्रागारस्तनीम्with armouries as breasts
यन्त्रागारस्तनीम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootयन्त्रागार + स्तनी (प्रातिपदिके)
Formतत्पुरुष; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘having armouries as breasts’ (metaphor)
ऋद्धाम्prosperous
ऋद्धाम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootऋद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Form√ऋध्/ऋद्ध् + क्त; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘prosperous/abundant’ qualifying ‘नगरीम्’
प्रमदाम्a young woman
प्रमदाम्:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमदा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; object of comparison with ‘इव’
इवlike
इव:
Upamā (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमार्थक-अव्यय (particle of comparison: like/as)
भूषिताम्adorned
भूषिताम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootभूष् (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘adorned’ qualifying ‘नगरीम्’
ताम्that
ताम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; again refers to ‘नगरीम्’
नष्टतिमिराम्with darkness dispelled
नष्टतिमिराम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनष्ट + तिमिर (प्रातिपदिके)
Formतत्पुरुष; नष्ट (√नश् + क्त) + तिमिर; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘whose darkness is destroyed’
दीप्तैःby shining
दीप्तैः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदीप्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Form√दीप् + क्त; पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; qualifying ‘महागृहैः’ (instr. pl.)
भास्वरैःby radiant
भास्वरैः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootभास्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; qualifying ‘महागृहैः’
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (and)
महागृहैःby great mansions
महागृहैः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootमहा + गृह (प्रातिपदिके)
Formकर्मधारय; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; instrument: ‘by great mansions’
नगरीम्city
नगरीम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootनगरी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; object of ‘ददर्श’
राक्षसेन्द्रस्यof the demon-king
राक्षसेन्द्रस्य:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootराक्षस + इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिके)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष; पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; ‘of the lord of demons’
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; pronoun referring to Hanuman
ददर्शsaw
ददर्श:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; parasmaipada; ‘saw’
महाकपिःthe great vanara
महाकपिः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमहा + कपि (प्रातिपदिके)
Formकर्मधारय; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; apposition to ‘सः’

Hanuman looked at the city of the demon king, whose darkness was dispelled by bright gems and mighty mansions as if it were a young maiden. The prosperous city was like a well decorated woman, adorned with ornaments having walls for her dress,the stables for her ear-rings, the armouries for her breasts.

L
Laṅkā (implied as the city)
R
Rāvaṇa (as rākṣasendra)
H
Hanumān
R
Rākṣasas

FAQs

Dharma requires discernment: splendor can veil adharma. The verse frames Laṅkā’s beauty as alluring, yet it belongs to the rākṣasa-king—warning that outward brilliance does not guarantee righteousness.

After entering Laṅkā, Hanumān surveys the city’s opulence and illumination, noting its extraordinary prosperity.

Saṃyamita-dṛṣṭi (controlled perception): Hanumān observes carefully without losing focus on his duty to find Sītā.

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