Shloka 3

मैत्रीप्रतिज्ञा-वैरकारणप्रश्नः

Friendship Vow and Inquiry into the Cause of Enmity

Devanagari script

शक्यं खलु भवेद्राम सहायेन त्वयाऽनघ।सुरराज्यमपि प्राप्तुं स्वराज्यं किं पनः प्रभो ।।

Transliteration

śakyaṃ khalu bhaved rāma sahāyena tvayā ’nagha | surarājyam api prāptuṃ svarājyaṃ kiṃ punaḥ prabho ||

Translation

ラーマよ、罪なき主よ。あなたの助けがあれば、神々の王権さえ得られましょう。ましてや我が国の王位など、主よ、言うまでもありません。

Word by Word

• शक्यम्: possible
• शक्यम्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śakya (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √śak धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (gerundive/यत्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; विधेय (impersonal predicate)

• खलु: indeed
• खलु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: khalu (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चयार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• भवेत्: would be
• भवेत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु)
• Form: लिङ् (Optative/विधिलिङ्), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• राम: O Rama
• राम: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, सम्बोधन (Vocative)

• सहायेन: with help
• सहायेन: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sahāya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, तृतीया (Instrumental)

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, एकवचन, तृतीया (Instrumental)

• अनघ: O sinless one
• अनघ: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anagha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, सम्बोधन (Vocative); विशेषण-रूपेण

• सुरराज्यम्: the kingdom of the gods
• सुरराज्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sura (प्रातिपदिक) + rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (सुराणां राज्यं); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया (Accusative)

• अपि: even
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अप्यर्थक-अव्यय (particle: even/also)

• प्राप्तुम्: to attain
• प्राप्तुम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/उद्देश्य)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra√āp (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable verbal)

• स्वराज्यम्: one's own kingdom
• स्वराज्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक) + rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (स्वं राज्यं); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया (Accusative)

• किम्: what
• किम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रश्नार्थक/किम्-निपात (interrogative particle)

• पुनः: then; moreover
• पुनः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: punaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, पुनरुक्ति/अधिक्यार्थ (particle: moreover/again)

• प्रभो: O lord
• प्रभो: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prabhu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, सम्बोधन (Vocative)

Context

'O Rama, my sinless Lord, it is possible to attain even the kingdom of the gods with your help, what to speak of my own kingdom?

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sugrīva
• sura (gods)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights the dharma of righteous alliance and mutual support: when a protector committed to truth stands with someone, even seemingly impossible aims become attainable.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva, seeking Rāma’s friendship and assistance against Vāli, expresses confidence that Rāma’s support can restore his lost kingship.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sugrīva’s faith and humility—he acknowledges Rāma’s moral power and capability, placing trust in a righteous ally.