Shloka 10

तारोपदेशः — Tara’s Counsel to Lakshmana

Restraint, Time, and Mobilization

Devanagari script

न च रोषवशं तात गन्तुमर्हसि लक्ष्मण।निश्चयार्थमविज्ञाय सहसा प्राकृतो यथा।।।।

Transliteration

na ca roṣavaśaṃ tāta gantum arhasi lakṣmaṇa |

niścayārtham avijñāya sahasā prākṛto yathā ||

Translation

ラクシュマナよ、怒りに支配されてはならぬ。真の意図と決断を知らぬまま、凡人のように性急に進むべきではない。

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (and)

• रोष-वशम्: under the control of anger
• रोष-वशम्: Gati/Karma (गति/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोष (प्रातिपदिक) + वश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (रोषस्य वशः)

• तात: O dear
• तात: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; संबोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• गन्तुम्: to go
• गन्तुम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/infinitive complement)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive)

• अर्हसि: you should (it is proper)
• अर्हसि: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्ह् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार; परस्मैपद; मध्यम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• लक्ष्मण: O Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मण: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; संबोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• निश्चय-अर्थम्: the true purport/decision
• निश्चय-अर्थम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निश्चय (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (निश्चयस्य अर्थः = तात्पर्यम्)

• अविज्ञाय: without knowing
• अविज्ञाय: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: नञ्-पूर्वक + क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्तः (gerund): अवि-ज्ञाय = न ज्ञात्वा

• सहसा: rashly
• सहसा: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहसा (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb: rashly/suddenly)

• प्राकृतः: an ordinary man
• प्राकृतः: Upameya (उपमेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्राकृत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• यथा: like
• यथा: Upamana (उपमान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमानवाचक-अव्यय (as/like)

Context

'O dear Lakshmana! not knowing the true intention of Sugriva, it is not proper for you to be rashly angry like an ordinary man.

Characters & Entities

• Tārā
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Sugrīva (implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma requires discernment: one should understand intention and context before acting in anger, because rash action can become injustice.

What is the narrative situation?

Tārā restrains Lakṣmaṇa’s escalating anger, urging him to assess Sugrīva’s actual intent rather than react impulsively.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Viveka (discriminating judgment)—the discipline of pausing to know the truth before responding.