Shloka 8

किष्किन्धाकाण्डे द्वात्रिंशः सर्गः

Lakshmana’s Anger Reported; Hanuman Advises Propitiation and Timely Mobilization

Devanagari script

अतो निमित्तं त्रस्तोहं रामेण तु महात्मना।यन्मयोपकृतं शक्यं प्रतिकर्तुं न तन्मया।।

Transliteration

ato nimittaṃ trasto 'haṃ rāmeṇa tu mahātmanā | yan mayopakṛtaṃ śakyaṃ pratikartuṃ na tan mayā ||

Translation

ゆえに我は大いなる御心のラーマの前で不安に震える。彼が我に施した恩は、我には返し得ぬほど大きい。

Word by Word

• अतः: therefore
• अतः: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अतः (अव्यय)
• Form: हेतु-अव्यय (therefore/from that)

• निमित्तम्: reason
• निमित्तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निमित्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; हेत्वर्थे ‘reason’

• त्रस्तः: afraid/apprehensive
• त्रस्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रस् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• रामेण: by Rama
• रामेण: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• तु: but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: पक्षान्तरे-अव्यय (but)

• महात्मना: by the great-souled one
• महात्मना: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; बहुव्रीह्यर्थ-विशेषण ‘great-souled’

• यत्: whatever (that which)
• यत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धक (relative pronoun)

• मया: by me
• मया: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• उपकृतम्: a favor done
• उपकृतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उप + कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘benefit done/favor’

• शक्यम्: possible
• शक्यम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शक्य (प्रातिपदिक; from शक् धातु)
• Form: यत्/ण्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त (potential/able-to-be), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘possible’

• प्रतिकर्तुम्: to repay
• प्रतिकर्तुम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति + कृ (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (Infinitive), अव्यय; ‘to repay/return’

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तद्-प्रत्यय (correlative)

• मया: by me
• मया: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Context

'In the meanwhile, (right now) all of you should think quietly and try to know the reason (for Lakshmana's anger), using your intellect and expertise logically and decide( the course of action).

Characters & Entities

• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Gratitude (kṛtajñatā) is dharma: one must remember benefaction and strive to repay it through loyal action and truthfulness.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugriva fears that he has failed in his duty to reciprocate Rāma’s support, prompting Lakṣmaṇa’s anger.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Gratitude and humility—recognizing moral debt and the obligation to respond rightly.