Shloka 64

शरत्प्रवेशे रामविलापः तथा सुग्रीवप्रमादे लक्ष्मणप्रेषणम्

Autumn’s Onset: Rama’s Lament and Lakshmana Sent to Sugriva

Devanagari script

चत्वारो वार्षिका मासा गता वर्षशतोपमाः।मम शोकाभिभूतस्य सौम्य सीतामपश्यतः।।

Transliteration

catvāro vārṣikā māsā gatā varṣaśatopamāḥ | mama śokābhibhūtasya saumya sītām apaśyataḥ ||

Translation

愛しき者よ、雨季の四か月が過ぎ去った――その一月一月が私には百年のようであった――悲しみに打ちひしがれ、なおシーターを見いだせぬままに。

Word by Word

• catvāraḥ: four
• catvāraḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: catvāri (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (plural); संख्यावाचक (numeral)

• vārṣikāḥ: rainy-season
• vārṣikāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vārṣika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (plural)

• māsāḥ: months
• māsāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (plural)

• gatāḥ: have passed
• gatāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्तः (past participle, क्त), पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (plural); ‘have gone/passed’

• varṣa-śata-upamāḥ: like a hundred years
• varṣa-śata-upamāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: varṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + śata (प्रातिपदिक) + upamā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (plural); तत्पुरुषः (varṣaśatasya upamāḥ = like a hundred years)

• mama: of me, for me
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन (singular); सर्वनाम

• śoka-abhibhūtasya: of (me) overcome by grief
• śoka-abhibhūtasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śoka (प्रातिपदिक) + abhibhūta (कृदन्ताधारित)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन (singular); तत्पुरुषः (śokena abhibhūtaḥ = overcome by grief)

• saumya: O gentle one
• saumya: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saumya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन (singular)

• sītām: Sītā
• sītām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sītā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (singular)

• apaśyataḥ: of (me) not seeing
• apaśyataḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a + dṛś (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्तः (present participle, शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग (m.), षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन (singular); ‘of (me) not seeing’

Context

'O gentle one, the four months of rainy season are spent without seeing Sita. It is equal to a hundred years for my grief-stricken heart.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Sītā
• rainy season (varṣā)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes steadfastness in suffering: even amid intense personal grief, Rāma keeps the search and duty central rather than surrendering to despair.

What is the narrative situation?

After waiting through the monsoon, Rāma expresses the unbearable length of time without news or sight of Sītā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Endurance and fidelity: Rāma’s unwavering attachment to Sītā and commitment to finding her.