Shloka 63

शरत्प्रवेशे रामविलापः तथा सुग्रीवप्रमादे लक्ष्मणप्रेषणम्

Autumn’s Onset: Rama’s Lament and Lakshmana Sent to Sugriva

Devanagari script

इयं सा प्रथमा यात्रा पार्थिवानां नृपात्मजन च पश्यामि सुग्रीवमुद्योगं वा तथाविधम्।।

Transliteration

iyaṃ sā prathamā yātrā pārthivānāṃ nṛpātmaja | na ca paśyāmi sugrīvam udyogaṃ vā tathāvidham ||

Translation

王子よ、これは諸王の最初の出陣の季節である。だがスグリーヴァが相応の働きをしているのを、私は見ない。

Word by Word

• iyam: this
• iyam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन (singular); सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• sā: that (same)
• sā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन (singular); सर्वनाम, विशेषणरूपेण (as determiner)

• prathamā: first
• prathamā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prathama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन (singular)

• yātrā: expedition, march
• yātrā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yātrā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन (singular)

• pārthivānām: of kings
• pārthivānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pārthiva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन (plural)

• nṛpa-ātmaja: O prince
• nṛpa-ātmaja: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛpa (प्रातिपदिक) + ātmaja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन (singular)

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, निषेधार्थक (negation particle)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय/अन्वय (conjunction)

• paśyāmi: I see
• paśyāmi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (singular)

• sugrīvam: Sugrīva
• sugrīvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (singular)

• udyogam: effort, enterprise
• udyogam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: udyoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (singular)

• vā: or
• vā: Vikalpa (विकल्प)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, विकल्पार्थक (disjunctive particle)

• tathā-vidham: of that kind, such
• tathā-vidham: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tathā (अव्यय) + vidha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (singular); अव्ययीभावः (tathā-vidha = of such a kind)

Context

'O prince! this is time for the first expedition (of the year) by kings. I do not find Sugriva making effort in that direction.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Sugrīva
• Kishkindhā (implied polity)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is accountability to one’s pledged duty: when an obligation is accepted, effort must match the seriousness of the commitment and the demands of time.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma observes that the season for action has arrived, but Sugrīva has not begun the promised mobilization to search for Sītā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s insistence on satya (truthfulness) in commitments—he expects Sugrīva’s words to become deeds.