Shloka 31

हनूमत्संवादः / Hanuman’s Diplomatic Approach to Rama and Lakshmana

Devanagari script

अविस्तरमसन्दिग्धमविलम्बितमद्रुतम्।उरस्थं कण्ठगं वाक्यं वर्तते मध्यमे स्वरे।।

Transliteration

avistaram asandigdham avilambitam adrutam | urasthaṃ kaṇṭhagaṃ vākyaṃ vartate madhyame svare ||

Translation

その言葉は長すぎず、曖昧でもなく、引き延ばされもせず、急き立てもない。胸と喉より発し、中ほどの調べで響き渡る。

Word by Word

• avistaram: not elaborate
• avistaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-vistara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन; वाक्यम् इति विशेषण

• asandigdham: unambiguous
• asandigdham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-sandigdha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; वाक्यम् इति विशेषण

• avilambitam: not dragging (without delay)
• avilambitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-vilambita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; वाक्यम् इति विशेषण

• adrutam: not too fast
• adrutam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-druta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; वाक्यम् इति विशेषण

• urastham: chest-based
• urastham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: urastha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; वाक्यम् इति विशेषण; उरः-स्थ (in the chest)

• kaṇṭhagam: throat-going
• kaṇṭhagam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kaṇṭhaga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; वाक्यम् इति विशेषण; कण्ठ-ग (going through the throat)

• vākyam: speech/utterance
• vākyam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• vartate: proceeds/is delivered
• vartate: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vṛt (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• madhyame: in a middle
• madhyame: Adhikarana (अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: madhyama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/सप्तमी), एकवचन; svare इति विशेषण

• svare: tone/voice
• svare: Adhikarana (अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/सप्तमी), एकवचन

Context

His sentences are not too elaborate, not ambiguous, not dragging, not fast, raised in the chest or throat, in a medium tone.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana
• Hanuman

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma of measured speech: truth is best conveyed without excess, ambiguity, haste, or delay—communication guided by balance and self-restraint.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama analyzes the technical qualities of Hanuman’s speaking style—clarity, pacing, and tone.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanuman’s self-mastery: disciplined delivery that makes his message trustworthy and effective.