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Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 13, Shloka 28

हयमेध

यज्ञोपक्रमः — Commencement of the Aśvamedha Preparations

Devanagari script

स्वयमेव हि धर्मात्मा प्रययौ मुनिशासनात्।सुमन्त्रस्त्वरितो भूत्वा समानेतुं महीक्षित:।।1.13.28।।

Transliteration

svayam eva hi dharmātmā prayayau muniśāsanāt |

sumantras tvarito bhūtvā samānetuṃ mahīkṣitaḥ || 1.13.28 ||

Translation

まことに、法に生きるスーマントラは仙者の命に従い、自ら速やかに出立して、諸王を伴い迎え来た。

Word by Word
स्वयम्himself / personally
स्वयम्:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsvayam (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
FormIndeclinable adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय): ‘by oneself/oneself’
एवindeed / alone
एव:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable particle (निपात): emphasis
हिfor / indeed
हि:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable particle (निपात): causal/emphatic
धर्मात्माthe righteous one
धर्मात्मा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdharmātman (धर्मात्मन्-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); बहुव्रीहि: धर्मः आत्मा यस्य सः
प्रययौset out / went forth
प्रययौ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√yā (या धातु) + pra- (उपसर्ग)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada
मुनि-शासनात्from the sage’s command / due to the sage’s order
मुनि-शासनात्:
Apādāna (अपादान) / Hetu (हेतु-अर्थे)
TypeNoun
Rootmuni (मुनि-प्रातिपदिक) + śāsana (शासन-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Ablative (पञ्चमी) Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष (षष्ठी): मुनेः शासनम्
सुमन्त्रःSumantra
सुमन्त्रः:
Karta (कर्ता) (of ‘भूत्वा…समानेतुम्’ as attendant action)
TypeNoun
Rootsumantra (सुमन्त्र-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
त्वरितःquick / in haste
त्वरितः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) (of सुमन्त्रः)
TypeAdjective
Roottvarita (त्वरित-प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त-विशेषण)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); past passive participle (क्त) used adjectivally: ‘having become hurried/quick’
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (भू धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय): ‘having become’
समानेतुम्to bring/escort (together)
समानेतुम्:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन) / Karma-arthaka (कर्मार्थक)
TypeVerb
Root√nī (नी धातु) + sam-ā- (उपसर्ग)
FormInfinitive (तुमुन्): purpose (प्रयोजनार्थ)
महीक्षितःkings
महीक्षितः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmahīkṣit (महीक्षित्-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Plural (बहुवचन); object of ‘समानेतुम्’
Context

All the workers reported to the wise sage, Vasishta about the tasks completed for the sacrifice.

Characters & Entities
S
Sumantra
V
Vasiṣṭha (implied by muniśāsana)
K
Kings (mahīkṣitaḥ)

FAQs

Dharma is obedience to wise guidance and personal responsibility: Sumantra does not merely delegate; he participates directly to ensure the righteous task succeeds.

Beyond sending emissaries, Sumantra himself departs swiftly to bring the invited rulers.

Diligence rooted in dharma—prompt action, humility before the sage’s command, and reliability in state service.

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