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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 35, Shloka 1

सुमन्त्रस्य कैकेयी-निन्दा

Sumantra’s Reproof of Kaikeyi in the Royal Assembly

ततो निर्धूय सहसा शिरो निश्श्वस्य चासकृत्। पाणौ पाणिं विनिष्पिष्य दन्तान् कटकटाप्य च ।।2.35.1।।लोचने कोपसंरक्ते वर्णं पूर्वोचितं जहत्। कोपाभिभूतस्सहसा सन्तापमशुभं गतः।।2.35.2।।मनः समीक्षमाणश्च सूतो दशरथस्य सः। कम्पयन्निव कैकेय्या हृदयं वाक्छरैश्शितैः ।।2.35.3।।वाक्यवज्रैरनुपमैर्निर्भिन्दन्निव चाशुभैः। कैकेय्या स्सर्वमर्माणि सुमन्त्रः प्रत्यभाषत।।2.35.4।।

tato nirdhūya sahasā śiro niḥśvasya cāsakṛt | pāṇau pāṇiṃ viniṣpiṣya dantān kaṭakaṭāpya ca ||2.35.1||

locane kopasaṃrakte varṇaṃ pūrvocitaṃ jahat | kopābhibhūtaḥ sahasā santāpam aśubhaṃ gataḥ ||2.35.2||

manaḥ samīkṣamāṇaś ca sūto daśarathasya saḥ | kampayann iva kaikeyyā hṛdayaṃ vākcharaiḥ śitaiḥ ||2.35.3||

vākyavajrair anupamair nirbhindann iva cāśubhaiḥ | kaikeyyāḥ sarvamarmāṇi sumantraḥ pratyabhāṣata ||2.35.4||

そのときスーマントラは、たちまち幾度も首を振り、たびたび嘆息し、掌を掌に強く押し当て、歯をきしらせた。怒りに染まって眼は赤くなり、憤怒に圧されて、ただちに不吉な苦悶に沈んだ。ダシャラタの御心を読み取った御者は、カイケーイーに言い返した――その言葉は鋭い矢のごとく彼女の心を揺さぶり、比類なき金剛の雷のごとき句は、彼女の急所を打った。

tataḥthereafter
tataḥ:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (Avyaya), temporal adverb (कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण)
nirdhūyahaving shaken (off)
nirdhūya:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootnir-√dhū (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), from √धू (to shake) with उपसर्ग nir-, ‘having shaken off’
sahasāsuddenly
sahasā:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsahasā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
śiraḥhead
śiraḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśiras (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative/Nominative Singular; here object of action)
niśśvasyahaving sighed
niśśvasya:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootnis-√śvas (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), from √श्वस् (to breathe/sigh) with उपसर्ग nis-, ‘having sighed’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
asakṛtrepeatedly
asakṛt:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootasakṛt (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, frequency adverb (पुनरावृत्तिवाचक क्रियाविशेषण)
pāṇauin the hand/palm
pāṇau:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpāṇi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी एकवचन (Masculine, Locative Singular)
pāṇim(the other) hand
pāṇim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpāṇi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Masculine, Accusative Singular)
viniṣpiṣyahaving pressed/crushed
viniṣpiṣya:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-nis-√spiṣ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), from √स्पिष् (to crush/press) with उपसर्ग vi+nis-, ‘having crushed/pressed’
dantānteeth
dantān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdanta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया बहुवचन (Masculine, Accusative Plural)
kaṭakaṭāpyahaving ground/gnashed
kaṭakaṭāpya:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkaṭakaṭā (अनुकरणशब्द) + √āp (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), denominative/onomatopoetic formation ‘kaṭakaṭā’ + √आप्/आप् (to attain/do) in usage: ‘having ground/gnashed (making kaṭakaṭ sound)’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

Overcome with anger, charioteer Sumantra started shaking his head and sighing off and on, crushing his palms and grinding his teeth. His eyes turned red due to anger. Overcome with a sudden, ominous grief, the complexion of his face turned red. Sumantra understood the mind of Dasaratha. With sharp arrows of words as if piercing the heart of Kaikeyi, he denounced her in exceptionally harsh words which, like thunderbolt, cut her to the quick:

S
Sumantra
D
Daśaratha
K
Kaikeyī

FAQs

It frames moral protest: when maryādā is violated, righteous indignation arises, and speech becomes a tool to defend dharma and expose wrongdoing.

Sumantra, seeing Daśaratha’s inner suffering, becomes enraged and prepares to denounce Kaikeyī with forceful words.

Sumantra’s loyalty and moral courage—he dares to confront royal wrongdoing despite his subordinate status.