Shloka 15

रामक्रोधवर्णनम्

Lakshmana’s Counsel to the Enraged Rama

Devanagari script

न चेत्साम्ना प्रदास्यन्ति पत्नीं ते त्रिदशेश्वराः।।।।कोसलेन्द्र ततः पश्चात्प्राप्तकालं करिष्यसि।

Transliteration

na cet sāmnā pradāsyanti patnīṃ te tridaśeśvarāḥ |

kosalendra tataḥ paścāt prāptakālaṃ kariṣyasi ||

Translation

コーサラの主よ、もし神々の主たちでさえ穏やかな嘆願に応じてあなたの妻を返さぬなら、その後に——時が熟したとき——あなたはなすべきことをなさい。

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• cet: if
• cet: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: cet (अव्यय)
• Form: शर्तार्थक-अव्यय (conditional particle: if)

• sāmnā: by conciliation
• sāmnā: Karana (करणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sāman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), एकवचन; उपायार्थे (by conciliation)

• pradāsyanti: will give/restore
• pradāsyanti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√dā (धातु)
• Form: लृट्, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• patnīm: wife
• patnīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: patnī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• te: to you
• te: Sampradana (सम्प्रदानम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: चतुर्थी (4th/dative), एकवचन

• tridaśa-īśvarāḥ: lords of the gods (deities)
• tridaśa-īśvarāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tridaśa (प्रातिपदिक) + īśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (त्रिदशानाम् ईश्वराः)

• kosala-indra: O lord of Kosala
• kosala-indra: Sambodhana (सम्बोधनम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kosala (प्रातिपदिक) + indra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (कोसलानाम् इन्द्रः)

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, क्रम/अपादानार्थक (then/from that)

• paścāt: afterwards
• paścāt: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: paścāt (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, काल/क्रमवाचक (afterwards)

• prāpta-kālam: the right time/appropriate action-time
• prāpta-kālam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prāpta (कृदन्त; क्त) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (प्राप्तः कालः = right time); क्रियाविशेषणवत् (accusative of circumstance)

• kariṣyasi: you will do
• kariṣyasi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: लृट्, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

Context

To destroy the entire world for one individual is not right. The lords of the earth should remain gentle, peaceful and punish only the deserving.

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Rāma (Kosalendra)
• Sītā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma favors sāman (conciliation) first; force is justified only after peaceful means fail and only at the proper time (kāla) and measure.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa counsels Rāma to begin with gentle appeal, postponing harsher action until it becomes necessary.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Strategic restraint—patience and timing, aligning emotion with righteous method.