Shloka 22

जटायुरावणयुद्धम्

Jatayu’s Combat with Ravana

Devanagari script

परिश्रान्तं तु तं दृष्टवा जरया पक्षियूथपम्।उत्पपात पुनर्हृष्टो मैथिलीं गृह्य रावणः।।।।

Transliteration

pariśrāntaṁ tu taṁ dṛṣṭvā jarayā pakṣiyūthapam | utpapāta punar hṛṣṭo maithilīṁ gṛhya rāvaṇaḥ ||

Translation

しかし、老いた鳥の群れの長が疲れ果てたのを見て、ラーヴァナは喜び、マイティリーを掴むと、再び空へと舞い上がった。

Word by Word

• परिश्रान्तम्: exhausted
• परिश्रान्तम्: कर्म-विशेषण (Qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि-श्रम् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘exhausted’

• तु: but
• तु: सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/अन्वय-अव्यय (particle: but/indeed)

• तम्: him
• तम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: पूर्वकाल (Absolutive; prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund)

• जरया: by old age
• जरया: हेतु/करण (Cause/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जरा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• पक्षियूथपम्: leader of the birds (Jatāyu)
• पक्षियूथपम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पक्षि-यूथप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: पक्षिणां यूथपः (leader of birds)

• उत्पपात: leapt up/flew up
• उत्पपात: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत्-पत् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: पुनरावृत्ति-अव्यय (adverb)

• हृष्टः: glad
• हृष्टः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृष् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘delighted’

• मैथिलीम्: Maithilī (Sītā)
• मैथिलीम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मैथिली (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (proper noun)

• गृह्य: having seized
• गृह्य: पूर्वकाल (Absolutive; prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ग्रह् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund) का वैदिक/छान्दस रूप; मानक रूप: गृहीत्वा; ‘having seized’

• रावणः: Rāvaṇa
• रावणः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रावण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

Seeing the lord of the flocks of birds exhausted due to age still fighting, Ravana felt glad. He flew back into the sky taking Sita, princess of Mithila, with him.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Maithilī (Sītā)
• Jatāyu (pakṣiyūthapa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Adharma preys on vulnerability; dharma calls for protecting the weak rather than exploiting their limits.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa notices Jatāyu’s fatigue due to age and resumes flight with Sītā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Jatāyu’s perseverance despite physical decline (and, conversely, Rāvaṇa’s cruelty).