Shloka 39

हेमन्तवर्णनम् तथा भरतधर्मनिष्ठा-चिन्तनम्

Winter Description and Reflection on Bharata’s Devotion

Devanagari script

संस्मराम्यस्य वाक्यानि प्रियाणि मधुराणि च।हृद्यान्यमृतकल्पानि मनःप्रह्लादनानि च।।।।

Transliteration

saṃsmarāmy asya vākyāni priyāṇi madhurāṇi ca |

hṛdyāny amṛtakalpāni manaḥprahlādanāni ca ||

Translation

私は彼の言葉を幾度も思い起こす――愛しく甘く、心にしみ、甘露のごとく、心を歓ばせるものを。

Word by Word

• jaṭī: with matted hair
• jaṭī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jaṭin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'matted-haired'

• tāpasa-rūpeṇa: in ascetic guise
• tāpasa-rūpeṇa: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tāpasa + rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: तापसस्य रूपेण (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; वेश/प्रकार-निर्देश

• sa-bhāryaḥ: with (your) wife
• sa-bhāryaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa + bhāryā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: सह (sa-) + भार्या; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'with (your) wife'

• śara-cāpa-dhṛt: bearing bow and arrows
• śara-cāpa-dhṛt: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śara + cāpa + √dhṛ (धातु)
• Form: समास: शरं चापं च धरतीति (उपपद-तत्पुरुष); धृत्-प्रत्ययान्त (agent noun); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• āgataḥ: having come
• āgataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā + √gam (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past participle); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'having come' (predicate)

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: सर्वनाम; प्रथमा, एकवचन

• imam: this
• imam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; deśam-विशेषण

• deśam: place/region
• deśam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• katham: how/why
• katham: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: katham (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रश्नार्थक क्रियाविशेषण (how?)

• rākṣasa-sevitam: haunted/inhabited by demons
• rākṣasa-sevitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rākṣasa + sevita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: राक्षसैः सेवितम् (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष); क्त (PPP); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; deśam-विशेषण

• kim: what
• kim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• āgamana-kṛtyam: purpose of coming
• āgamana-kṛtyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āgamana + kṛtya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: आगमनस्य कृत्यम् (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• te: your
• te: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: सर्वनाम; षष्ठी (genitive) एकवचन (your)

• tattvam: truth
• tattvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tattva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ākhyātum: to tell
• ākhyātum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/infinitive purpose)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā + √khyā (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive); अव्ययभाव; 'to tell/declare'

• arhasi: you ought/are fit
• arhasi: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √arh (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद; मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन

Context

Accompanied by Sita and Lakshmana,Rama finished his bath in the river.He looked splendid like Lord Rudra followed by Nandi and the daughter of the king of the mountains (Parvati).ityārṣē śrīmadrāmāyaṇē vālmīkīya ādikāvyē araṇyakāṇḍē ṣōḍaśassargaḥ৷৷Thus ends the sixteenth sarga of Aranyakanda of the holy Ramayana the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Bharata (implied by nearby verses)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It upholds satya and sādhutā in speech: words shaped by truth, affection, and restraint become ‘nectar-like’—ethically nourishing to others and to one’s own mind.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma, in separation from loved ones, reflects on the comforting speech of a dear person (contextually, Bharata), expressing longing and admiration.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Gratitude and purity of relationship: valuing noble speech and holding it in memory as moral support.