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Padma Purana — Bhumi Khanda, Shloka 12

The Deeds of Cyavana

in the Context of Guru-tirtha Glorification

स्वामिद्रोहान्महाभाग नारीहंता कथं सुखी । नारद उवाच । यानि कानि च तीर्थानि गयादीनि सुरेश्वर

svāmidrohānmahābhāga nārīhaṃtā kathaṃ sukhī | nārada uvāca | yāni kāni ca tīrthāni gayādīni sureśvara

幸いなる者よ、主君を裏切る者、あるいは女人を殺める者が、どうして安楽であり得ようか。ナーラダは言った。「神々の主よ、ガヤーをはじめとする、いかなるティールタであれ……」

svāmi-drohātfrom betrayal of one’s master
svāmi-drohāt:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootsvāmin (प्रातिपदिक) + droha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: svāminaḥ drohaḥ), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Ablative (5th—पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन)
mahā-bhāgaO greatly fortunate one
mahā-bhāga:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + bhāga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya (कर्मधारय), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th—सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)
nārī-haṃtākiller of a woman
nārī-haṃtā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnārī (प्रातिपदिक) + hantṛ (हन्तृ प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (उपपद-तत्पुरुष: nārīṃ hanti), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st—प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
kathamhow?
katham:
Prashna (प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
FormInterrogative adverb (प्रश्नवाचक-अव्यय)
sukhīhappy, at ease
sukhī:
Kriya-anvaya (क्रियान्वय)
TypeAdjective
Rootsukhin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st—प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); predicate adjective
nāradaḥNārada
nāradaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnārada (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st—प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (वच् धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
yāniwhich (all)
yāni:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd—प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); relative pronoun
kāniany (whatsoever)
kāni:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd—प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); used as ‘any’ with yāni
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction/particle (समुच्चय-बोधक)
tīrthānipilgrimage places
tīrthāni:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottīrtha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd—प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
gayā-ādīnibeginning with Gayā, etc.
gayā-ādīni:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootgayā (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (ādi-समास: ‘beginning with Gayā’), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd—प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); adjective qualifying tīrthāni
sureśvaraO lord of the gods
sureśvara:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootsura (प्रातिपदिक) + īśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: surāṇām īśvaraḥ), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th—सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

Nārada (as indicated by 'नारद उवाच')

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Type: city

Sandhi Resolution Notes: svāmidrohānmahābhāga → svāmi-drohāt mahā-bhāga.

N
Nārada
G
Gayā
I
Indra (Sureśvara)

FAQs

It states that betrayal of one’s master (svāmi-droha) and killing a woman (nārī-hatyā) are grave sins incompatible with true happiness.

The text explicitly marks “Nārada uvāca,” indicating Nārada is speaking, addressing “sureśvara,” i.e., Indra (lord of the gods).

Gayā is introduced as a prominent tīrtha (“beginning with Gayā”), likely as the start of a forthcoming discussion or list of sacred pilgrimage places and their merits.