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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 4

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

अमौसशो द्वितीया स्यात्तत्कर्म क्रियते च यत् । द्वितीया कर्मणि प्रोक्तान्तरांतरेण संयुते ॥ ४ ॥

Transliteration

amausaśo dvitīyā syāttatkarma kriyate ca yat | dvitīyā karmaṇi proktāntarāṃtareṇa saṃyute || 4 ||

Translation

第二格（対格・dvitīyā）は目的語、すなわち行為がそのために為される対象に用いられる。ゆえに第二格は karma（対象）を示すと説かれ、途中に語句が挟まって結び付く場合でも同様である。

Word by Word
अम्‘-am’ (accusative singular ending)
अम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअम् (प्रत्याहार/प्रत्यय-सूचक)
Formविभक्ति-प्रत्यय-सूचक अव्यय (case-ending marker): द्वितीया-एकवचन प्रत्ययः ‘-am’
औस्‘-au’ (accusative dual ending)
औस्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऔस् (प्रत्याहार/प्रत्यय-सूचक)
Formविभक्ति-प्रत्यय-सूचक अव्यय: द्वितीया-द्विवचन प्रत्ययः ‘-au’ (औ) / ‘-aus’ in pratyāhāra listing
शस्‘-śas’ (accusative plural ending)
शस्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशस् (प्रत्याहार/प्रत्यय-सूचक)
Formविभक्ति-प्रत्यय-सूचक अव्यय: द्वितीया-बहुवचन प्रत्ययः ‘-śas’
द्वितीयाthe accusative (second case)
द्वितीया:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वितीया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विभक्ति-नाम (name of the 2nd case)
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; ‘may be/should be’
तत्that
तत्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; here used deictically with कर्म (‘that’)
कर्मobject (karma)
कर्म:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; predicate-noun ‘(it is) karma’
क्रियतेis done
क्रियते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive) ‘is done’
चand
च:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
यत्which (that which)
यत्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun) ‘which/that which’
द्वितीयाthe accusative (second case)
द्वितीया:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वितीया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; पुनरुक्ति—विभक्ति-नाम
कर्मणिin the object-function
कर्मणि:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; अधिकरण ‘in the karma-function’
प्रोक्ताis declared
प्रोक्ता:
Kriya (क्रिया/statement)
TypeAdjective
Rootवच् (धातु) → प्रोक्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP) from √वच् with प्र-; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; agrees with ‘द्वितीया’
अन्तरा-अन्तरेणwithout exception/without interval
अन्तरा-अन्तरेण:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्तरा (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + अन्तरेण (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय-प्रयोग; ‘अन्तरेण’ = without/except; ‘अन्तरा’ = between/without; here as fixed expression indicating ‘without interval/without exception’
संयुतेwhen connected/associated
संयुते:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootयुज् (धातु) → संयुक्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन (locative absolute sense) ‘when connected/when joined’
Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities
N
Narada
S
Sanatkumara

FAQs

It safeguards correct understanding of sacred statements: by identifying the true object of an act, one preserves the intended meaning of dharma and ritual duty.

Indirectly: precise grammar prevents misreading of devotional instructions—helping a devotee understand correctly what is to be offered, worshipped, or sought.

Vyākaraṇa (grammar): the rule that dvitīyā-vibhakti marks the karma (object) of an action, even when the object is separated by intervening words.

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