Shloka 39

Adhyaya 44 — Subahu’s Counsel to the King of Kashi and Alarka’s Renunciation through Yoga

Sanskrit

तत्रात्मजं समासाद्य हित्वा बन्धं गुणादिकम् ।

प्राप सिद्धिं परां प्राज्ञस्तत्कालोपात्तसंमतिः ॥

Transliteration

tatrātmajaṃ samāsādya hitvā bandhaṃ guṇādikam /

prāpa siddhiṃ parāṃ prājñas tat-kāla-upātta-saṃmatiḥ

Translation

「そこで彼は子に会い、グナ（諸性質）に始まる束縛を捨て去った。その賢者は、しかるべき時に確信が生起したゆえに、最高の成就に到達した。」

Word by Word

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (locative adverb: there)

• ātmajam: his son
• ātmajam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātmaja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• samāsādya: having approached
• samāsādya: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ā-sad (सम्+आ+सद् धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्यय; अर्थः ‘समासाद्य’ = having approached/met

• hitvā: having abandoned
• hitvā: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: hā (हा धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्यय; अर्थः ‘त्यक्त्वा’

• bandham: bondage
• bandham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bandha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• guṇa-ādikam: qualities and the like
• guṇa-ādikam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guṇa-ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (‘गुणाः आदयः यस्मिन्/यत्र’ = qualities etc.)

• prāpa: attained
• prāpa: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: āp (आप् धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• siddhim: perfection/accomplishment
• siddhim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: siddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• parām: supreme
• parām: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying siddhim)

• prājñaḥ: the wise one
• prājñaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prājña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• tat-kāla-upātta-saṃmatiḥ: whose resolve/assent was secured at that time
• tat-kāla-upātta-saṃmatiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tat-kāla-upātta-saṃmati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः (‘तत्काले उपात्ता संमतिः यस्य सः’ = whose resolve/assent was obtained at that time); घटकाः: तत् (pron.) + काल (time) + उपात्त (ppp of उप-आ-दा) + संमति (assent/resolve)

Speakers

• The wise birds (narrators)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Guṇa-transcendence
• Liberation
• Siddhi (as mokṣa-attainment)
• Timely ripening of resolve

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Liberation is framed as freedom from guṇa-based conditioning (not merely external renunciation). The ‘proper time’ motif underscores ripeness (adhikāra): insight bears fruit when inner readiness is complete.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

A mokṣa-oriented teaching episode within narrative; peripheral to the five-lakṣaṇa historical/cosmic catalog, but consistent with Purāṇic dharma-upadeśa.

What is the esoteric significance?

Meeting the son ‘there’ can symbolize reunion of jīva with its own clarified intelligence; abandoning ‘guṇādikam’ indicates crossing prakṛti itself—classically the threshold for kaivalya/brahma-sākṣātkāra.