Shloka 4

Adhyaya 37 — Alarka’s Crisis and the Teaching on Non-Attachment (Madālasa’s Instruction Recalled)

Sanskrit

चकार सोऽर्थं धर्मेण धर्ममर्थेन वा पुनः ।

तयोश्चैवाविरोधेन बुभुजे विषयानपि ॥

Transliteration

cakāra so 'rthaṃ dharmeṇa dharmam arthena vā punaḥ |

tayoś caivāvirodhena bubhuje viṣayān api ||

Translation

彼はダルマによって財を求め、また財に支えられてダルマを求めた。両者の間に不和を生じさせることなく、世の快楽もまた享受した。

Word by Word

• cakāra: did, accomplished
• cakāra: Kriyā (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु √कृ)
• Form: Liṭ-lakāra (लिट्, perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā-vibhakti (nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन)

• artham: wealth, purpose
• artham: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā-vibhakti (accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन)

• dharmeṇa: by righteousness
• dharmeṇa: Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Tṛtīyā-vibhakti (instrumental/तृतीया), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन)

• dharmam: dharma, righteousness
• dharmam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā-vibhakti (accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन)

• arthena: by wealth/means
• arthena: Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Tṛtīyā-vibhakti (instrumental/तृतीया), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन)

• vā: or
• vā: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: Vikalpa-nipāta (disjunctive particle/विकल्प-निपात)

• punaḥ: again; moreover
• punaḥ: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (Adverbial/क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: punaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Kāla/āvṛtti-avyaya (adverb of repetition/पुनरावृत्ति-अव्यय)

• tayoḥ: of the two (dharma and artha)
• tayoḥ: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (Genitive relation/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga/napuṃsaka (contextual), Ṣaṣṭhī-vibhakti (genitive/षष्ठी), Dvivacana (dual/द्विवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (conjunction/समुच्चय-निपात)

• eva: indeed, just
• eva: Prayoga-nipāta (Emphasis/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avadhāraṇa-nipāta (emphatic particle/अवधारण-निपात)

• avirodhena: without conflict; in harmony
• avirodhena: Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: a-virodha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Tṛtīyā-vibhakti (instrumental/तृतीया), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन)

• bubhuje: enjoyed
• bubhuje: Kriyā (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhuj (धातु √भुज्)
• Form: Liṭ-lakāra (लिट्, perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)

• viṣayān: sense-objects, enjoyments
• viṣayān: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viṣaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā-vibhakti (accusative/द्वितीया), Bahuvacana (plural/बहुवचन)

• api: also, even
• api: Prayoga-nipāta (Particle/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya/saṃbhāvanā-nipāta (also/even particle/निपात)

Speakers

• Narratorial (frame-speakers not identifiable from provided verses alone)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "shringara", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma–artha coordination
• Householder/royal ethics
• Legitimate enjoyment (kāma under dharma)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The model ruler (and by extension the gṛhastha) harmonizes dharma and artha so that enjoyment (kāma) is not anarchic but integrated. The ideal is not renunciation here, but ordered life where aims do not clash.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita (dynastic conduct) with didactic rājadharma coloring; it narrates character and policy rather than cosmology.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Aviruddha’ (non-conflict) hints at inner integration: when dharma and artha are aligned, the senses can be engaged without fragmenting the self—an implicit psychology of governance and self-governance.