Shloka 72

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

अविद्यमाने पूर्वोक्ते उत्तरप्राप्तिरिष्यते ।

न कुर्याद् दन्तसङ्घर्षं नात्मनो देहताडनम् ॥

Transliteration

avidyamāne pūrvokte uttaraprāptir iṣyate | na kuryād dantasaṅgharṣaṃ nātmano dehatāḍanam ||

Translation

先に述べた作法が得られぬときは、次の作法に拠ることが認められる。歯を噛み鳴らしてはならず、また自らの身体を打ってはならない。

Word by Word

• avidyamāne: when (it is) not available
• avidyamāne: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-vidyamāna (कृदन्त, √vid)
• Form: Present participle (शतृ/शानच्) with negation a-; Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); Neuter/Masculine context-dependent; here locative absolute sense 'when not existing'

• pūrva-ukte: in the previously stated (procedure)
• pūrva-ukte: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pūrva (प्रातिपदिक) + ukta (कृदन्त, √vac)
• Form: Compound (समास) tatpuruṣa; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• uttara-prāptiḥ: the obtaining/adoption of the next (option)
• uttara-prāptiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: uttara (प्रातिपदिक) + prāpti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Compound (समास) tatpuruṣa; Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• iṣyate: is accepted/allowed
• iṣyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √iṣ (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); passive-like sense 'is accepted/allowed'

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; negation particle (निषेध)

• kuryāt: should do
• kuryāt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• danta-saṅgharṣam: grinding of the teeth
• danta-saṅgharṣam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: danta (प्रातिपदिक) + saṅgharṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Compound (समास) tatpuruṣa; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• na: nor/not
• na: Pratiṣedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; negation particle (निषेध)

• ātmanaḥ: of oneself
• ātmanaḥ: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• deha-tāḍanam: beating of the body
• deha-tāḍanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deha (प्रातिपदिक) + tāḍana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Compound (समास) tatpuruṣa; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• General ācāra instruction (speaker not specified in provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Ritual decorum
• Non-violence toward self
• Substitution rules

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Purity rules are paired with restraint: dharma discourages agitated, harsh bodily expressions (teeth-grinding, self-striking) that reflect inner disturbance and violate dignified conduct.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/niyama instruction—supplementary ethical-ritual content outside pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The prohibitions curb tamasic/rajasic discharge; ritual life is framed as cultivation of sattva—calm embodiment rather than reactive gestures.