Shloka 115

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

पौराः सुसंयता यत्र सततं न्यायवर्तिनः ।

यत्रामत्सरिणो लोकास्तत्र वासः सुखोदयः ॥

Transliteration

paurāḥ susaṃyatā yatra satataṃ nyāyavartinaḥ / yatrāmatsariṇo lokāstatra vāsaḥ sukhodayaḥ

Translation

町の人々がよく自制し、常に正義に従い、また人々が嫉みを離れているところ—そこに住むことは幸福を生じさせる。

Word by Word

• paurāḥ: citizens/townsmen
• paurāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• su-saṃyatāḥ: well-disciplined
• su-saṃyatāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: su + saṃyata (कृदन्त; √yam यम् (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); उपसर्ग/उपपद-समास (su- = well)

• yatra: where
• yatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Relative adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• satatam: constantly
• satatam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: satatam (अव्यय; satata-शब्दात्)
• Form: Adverb (कालवाचक अव्यय)

• nyāya-vartinaḥ: following justice
• nyāya-vartinaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nyāya + vartin (प्रातिपदिक; -इन् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); विषय-तत्पुरुषः (nyāye vartinaḥ = abiding in justice)

• yatra: where
• yatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Relative adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• a-matsariṇaḥ: free from envy
• a-matsariṇaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a + matsarin (प्रातिपदिक; -इन् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); नञ्-समास/निषेध (a- = not)

• lokāḥ: people
• lokāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• vāsaḥ: dwelling/residence
• vāsaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; predicate-noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• sukha-udayaḥ: a source/rise of happiness
• sukha-udayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; predicate-noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sukha + udaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (sukhasya udayaḥ = rise of happiness)

Speakers

• Didactic narrator within dharma-teaching context

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Nyāya (justice)
• Social ethics
• Non-envy

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Collective happiness is rooted in self-restraint, justice, and freedom from envy—virtues that prevent social friction and make dharma livable in everyday life.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ethical-social dharma counsel (ācāra), functioning as Purāṇic instruction rather than cosmology.

What is the esoteric significance?

A ‘city’ can symbolize the body-mind complex: discipline and justice are inner regulation; absence of envy is non-comparison—leading to stable contentment (sukha).