Shloka 3

Adhyaya 30 — Madālasā’s Instruction on Household Duties and Naimittika–Śrāddha Rites

Sanskrit

नित्यनैमित्तिकं ज्ञेयं पर्वश्राद्धादि पण्डितैः ।

तत्र नैमित्तिकं वक्ष्ये श्राद्धमभ्युदयं तव ॥

Transliteration

nityanaimittikaṃ jñeyaṃ parvaśrāddhādi paṇḍitaiḥ | tatra naimittikaṃ vakṣye śrāddham abhyudayaṃ tava ||

Translation

学識ある者は、祭日や季節の折に行われるシュラーダ（parva-śrāddha）などの儀礼は、ニティヤ＝ナイミッティカ（常行かつ機縁の義務）の類に属すると理解すべきである。そのうち今、私は「アビュダヤ」（吉祥）と名づけられるナイミッティカ・シュラーダを汝らに説き示そう。

Word by Word

• नित्य-नैमित्तिकम्: the regular-and-occasional (rite)
• नित्य-नैमित्तिकम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नित्य (प्रातिपदिक) + नैमित्तिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (विशेषण-विशेष्यभावः)

• ज्ञेयम्: to be known
• ज्ञेयम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु) + यत् (कृत्)
• Form: कृत्य-प्रत्ययान्त (ज्ञेय), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘to be known’ (gerundive)

• पर्व-श्राद्ध-आदि: parva-śrāddha and the like
• पर्व-श्राद्ध-आदि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (पर्वश्राद्धं च तत् आदि च)

• पण्डितैः: by the learned
• पण्डितैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण्डित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), बहुवचन

• तत्र: there/among those
• तत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; देशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb)

• नैमित्तिकम्: the occasional (rite)
• नैमित्तिकम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नैमित्तिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन

• वक्ष्ये: I shall explain
• वक्ष्ये: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Future), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• श्राद्धम्: śrāddha rite
• श्राद्धम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन

• अभ्युदयम्: (called) Abhyudaya
• अभ्युदयम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभ्युदय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; विशेषण (श्राद्धम् इति विशेष्यस्य)

• तव: for you/your
• तव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

Speakers

• Instructional narrator within the Dharma/ritual discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs (Ancestors)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Gṛhastha duties
• Pitṛ-pūjā
• Śrāddha-vidhi
• Ritual classification

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Householder dharma includes both regular and occasion-driven obligations; honoring ancestors is framed as a disciplined duty, not merely a personal choice, and auspicious life-events are to be sanctified through pitṛ-related rites.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Primarily Dharma/ācāra material (outside the core pañcalakṣaṇa themes like sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita), though it supports vaṃśānucarita indirectly by sustaining lineage through rites.

What is the esoteric significance?

Abhyudaya-śrāddha links prosperity with gratitude to forebears: ‘abhyudaya’ is outward success grounded in continuity (ṛṇa) and remembrance (smaraṇa).