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Shloka 16

Adhyaya 27 — Madālasa’s Instruction to King Alarka: Royal Ethics, Self-Conquest, and Statecraft

Sanskrit

एभिर्जितैर्जितं सर्वं मरुत्तेन महात्मना ।

स्मृत्वा विवर्जयेदेतान् दोषान् स्वीयान्महीपतिः ॥

Transliteration

ebhir jitair jitaṃ sarvaṃ maruttena mahātmanā | smṛtvā vivarjayet etān doṣān svīyān mahīpatiḥ ||

Translation

これらの過失を克服することによって、大いなる心をもつマルッタ王は万事を征服した。ゆえに統治者はこれを念じ、自らの私的欠点を捨てるべきである。

Word by Word
एभिःby these
एभिः:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), बहुवचन
जितैःby the conquered/defeated (ones)
जितैः:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Root√जि (धातु) + जित (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; विशेषणम् ‘एभिः’
जितम्conquered
जितम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Root√जि (धातु) + जित (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषणम् ‘सर्वम्’
सर्वम्everything
सर्वम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
मरुत्तेनby Marutta
मरुत्तेन:
Kartr̥ (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmarutta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (instrumental of agent)
महात्मनाby the great-souled (one)
महात्मना:
Kartr̥ (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमासः: महा + आत्मन् (कर्मधारयः, ‘महान् आत्मा यस्य’), पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् ‘मरुत्तेन’
स्मृत्वाhaving remembered
स्मृत्वा:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Root√स्मृ (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया (having remembered)
विवर्जयेत्should avoid/abandon
विवर्जयेत्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि + √वृज्/√वर्ज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
एतान्these
एतान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), बहुवचन
दोषान्faults
दोषान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdoṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; ‘एतान्’ इति विशेषणेन सह
स्वीयान्one’s own
स्वीयान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootsvīya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् ‘दोषान्’
महीपतिःthe king (lord of the earth)
महीपतिः:
Kartr̥ (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmahīpati (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमासः: मही + पति (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः, ‘मही-स्य पतिः’), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
Speakers
Didactic narrator within Markandeya Purana’s instruction on rājadharma (exact named speakers not explicit in the given extract)
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes
DharmaRājadharmaSelf-masteryNīti (statecraft ethics)

FAQs

Political mastery is grounded in self-mastery: the king’s victory over external enemies is secondary to conquering inner vices. Marutta is held up as a paradigmatic ruler whose success is traced to disciplined character.

This passage is primarily Dharma/Nīti instruction rather than the Purāṇic fivefold (sarga, pratisarga, vaṃśa, manvantara, vaṃśānucarita). It belongs to the didactic layer often embedded alongside genealogical and cosmological materials.

The ‘conquest’ motif can be read inwardly: the kingdom symbolizes the embodied field, and the ‘enemies’ are the doṣas (ethical-psychological impurities). Rule (rājya) becomes yogic governance of the senses and mind.

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