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Shloka 40

Adhyaya 26 — Madālasa Names Alarka and Reorients Him Toward Kshatriya Duty

Sanskrit

राज्यं कुर्वन् सुहृदो नन्दयेथाः साधून् रक्षंस्तात ! यज्ञैर्यजेथाः ।

दुष्टान्निघ्रन् वैरिणश्चाजिमध्ये गोविप्रार्थे वत्स ! मृत्युं व्रजेथाः ॥

Transliteration

rājyaṃ kurvan suhṛdo nandayethāḥ sādhūn rakṣaṃs tāta! yajñair yajethāḥ | duṣṭān nighran vairiṇaś cājimadhye goviprārthe vatsa! mṛtyuṃ vrajethāḥ ||

Translation

国を治めるときは友を喜ばせよ。正しき者を護りつつ、愛しき子よ、供犠を修せよ。悪しき者を打ち砕き、戦場のただ中で敵に対峙せよ――もし牛とバラモンのためであるなら、わが子よ、死に至るまでも赴け。

Word by Word
राज्यम्kingdom, rule
राज्यम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
कुर्वन्doing, while ruling
कुर्वन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (Present active participle, शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘while doing’
सुहृदःfriends, well-wishers
सुहृदः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसुहृद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन (वैदिक/छान्दस रूप; सामान्यतः सुहृदः/सुहृदः = सुहृदः as acc.pl.)
नन्दयेथाःyou should gladden
नन्दयेथाः:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootनन्द् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative)
साधून्the good people
साधून्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसाधु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
रक्षन्protecting
रक्षन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (Present active participle, शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘protecting’
तातO dear one
तात:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootतात (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन
यज्ञैःby sacrifices
यज्ञैः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
यजेथाःyou should worship/sacrifice
यजेथाः:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootयज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), आत्मनेपद, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन
दुष्टान्the wicked
दुष्टान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदुष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
निघ्रन्slaying, suppressing
निघ्रन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootनि-हन् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (Present active participle, शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘striking down’
वैरिणःenemies
वैरिणः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवैरिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन (छान्दस/प्रयोगभेद)
चand
च:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
अजिमध्येin the midst of battle
अजिमध्ये:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootअजि + मध्य (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (अजेः मध्ये)
गोविप्रार्थेfor the sake of cows and Brahmins
गोविप्रार्थे:
Hetu/Purpose (हेतु/प्रयोजन)
TypeNoun
Rootगो + विप्र + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; चतुर्थी/हेत्वर्थ-तत्पुरुषार्थक (गवां विप्राणां च अर्थे = for the sake of cows and Brahmins)
वत्सO child
वत्स:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootवत्स (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन
मृत्युम्death
मृत्युम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
व्रजेथाःyou should go/meet (i.e., accept)
व्रजेथाः:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootव्रज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन
Speakers
Madālasā advising her son (Ālarka) within Jaḍa’s narration
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "vira", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes
RājadharmaProtection of the virtuousPunishment of evilSacrificial dutyGo-brāhmaṇa-rakṣā

FAQs

Ideal kingship is measured by: alliance-building (suhṛt), protection of the righteous, ritual maintenance of order, and firm suppression of wrongdoing. The climactic vow—dying for ‘cows and Brahmins’—signals the king’s duty to protect sustenance (go) and sacred learning/ritual order (vipra).

Normative rājadharma within an instructive lineage-story setting (vaṃśānucarita-adjacent). Not a direct pancalakṣaṇa enumeration, but a behavioral charter for rulers in purāṇic historiography.

‘Go’ can symbolize vital nourishment and dharmic prosperity; ‘vipra’ symbolizes discriminative wisdom and sacred speech. To ‘die for them’ implies total ego-sacrifice to preserve life-force and truth.

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