Shloka 35

Adhyaya 26 — Madālasa Names Alarka and Reorients Him Toward Kshatriya Duty

Sanskrit

पुत्र वर्धस्व मद्भर्तुर्मनो नन्दय कर्मभिः ।

मित्राणामुपकाराय दुर्हृदां नाशनाय च ॥

Transliteration

putra vardhasva mad-bhartur mano nandaya karmabhiḥ / mitrāṇām upakārāya durhṛdāṃ nāśanāya ca //

Translation

わが子よ、成長して栄えよ。汝の行いによって父の心を喜ばせよ——友を益し、また敵意を抱く仇をも滅するために。

Word by Word

• पुत्र: O son
• पुत्र: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/vocative), एकवचन

• वर्धस्व: grow / prosper
• वर्धस्व: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृध् (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन, आत्मनेपद

• मत्-भर्तुः: of my husband
• मत्-भर्तुः: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मत् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + भर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/genitive), एकवचन; समास: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ('my husband')

• मनः: mind
• मनः: कर्म (Karman/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/accusative), एकवचन

• नन्दय: gladden / delight
• नन्दय: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नन्द् (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• कर्मभिः: by deeds
• कर्मभिः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), बहुवचन

• मित्राणाम्: of friends
• मित्राणाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/genitive), बहुवचन

• उपकाराय: for helping / for the benefit
• उपकाराय: सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna/Beneficiary)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपकार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/dative), एकवचन

• दुर्हृदाम्: of enemies / ill-wishers
• दुर्हृदाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्हृद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/genitive), बहुवचन; समास: बहुव्रीहि ('those whose heart is bad' = enemies)

• नाशनाय: for destruction
• नाशनाय: प्रयोजन (Purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाशन (प्रातिपदिक; नश्-धातोः णिच्/ल्युट्-निष्पन्न)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/dative), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

Speakers

• Madālasā to her son Alarka

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "vira", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Rāja-dharma
• Pravṛtti
• Ethics of kingship
• Social duty and protection

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

For a kṣatriya heir, dharma is action: earning the father’s approval through righteous deeds, protecting allies, and restraining threats. The verse reflects the protective and punitive dimensions of kingship as a social duty.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Anucarita (exemplary narrative) illustrating varṇāśrama/rāja-dharma; not a pañcalakṣaṇa cosmology segment.

What is the esoteric significance?

Friends and foes can also be read inwardly: cultivate supportive tendencies (mitra) and eradicate destructive impulses (durhṛd) through disciplined karma—governance as self-mastery mirrored outwardly.