Shloka 12

Adhyaya 12 — The Son Describes the Narakas: Mahāraurava, Tamas, Nikṛntana, Apratiṣṭha, Asipatravana, and Taptakumbha

Sanskrit

दन्तास्तेषाञ्च भज्यन्ते शीतार्तिपरिकम्पिताः ।

क्षुत्तृष्णाप्रबलास्तत्र तथैवान्येऽप्युपद्रवाः ॥

Transliteration

dantās teṣāṃ ca bhajyante śītārti-parikampitāḥ /

kṣut-tṛṣṇā-prabalās tatra tathaivānye 'py upadravāḥ

Translation

寒冷の苦痛に震えるうちに歯は砕け散る。そこでは飢えと渇きが激しく、さらに他のさまざまな苦患もある。

Word by Word

• दन्ताः: teeth
• दन्ताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: danta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी विभक्ति (Genitive/षष्ठी), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक (conjunction)

• भज्यन्ते: are broken
• भज्यन्ते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhaj (धातु)
• Form: लट् लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, कर्मणि/भावे प्रयोग (passive sense: ‘are broken’), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• शीतार्तिपरिकम्पिताः: shaken/trembling due to cold-pain
• शीतार्तिपरिकम्पिताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śīta + ārti + pari-√kamp (धातु) + ita (कृत्)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP/क्त-समकक्ष ‘-इत’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (śīta-ārti = ‘cold-pain’) + उपसर्गपूर्वक कृदन्त; विशेषणम् ‘दन्ताः’

• क्षुत्तृष्णाप्रबलाः: strong (afflictions) of hunger and thirst
• क्षुत्तृष्णाप्रबलाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṣut + tṛṣṇā + prabala (प्रातिपदिक-समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; द्वन्द्वः (kṣut-tṛṣṇā = ‘hunger and thirst’) + कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष-भाव (prabala = ‘strong’); विशेषणम् (implicit ‘उपद्रवाः/अन्ये’)

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, देशवाचक (locative adverb)

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अवधारणार्थक निपात (emphatic particle)

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय/अपि-भाव (also/even)

• उपद्रवाः: afflictions/troubles
• उपद्रवाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: upadrava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Karma-phala
• Suffering imagery
• Naraka

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Unchecked desire (hunger/thirst as symbols) becomes torment; ethical life disciplines craving, preventing it from maturing into suffering.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic narrative supporting dharma; not directly genealogical or manvantara-related.

What is the esoteric significance?

Broken teeth and trembling indicate loss of ‘capacity to consume’—a reversal where the consumer (desire-driven ego) is itself dismantled by the very forces it served.