Shloka 71

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

क्लिद्यमाने चिरतरं जन्तुर्दुःखमवाप्नुते ।

स्वेन कर्मविपाकेन देहान्तरगतोऽपि सन् ॥

Transliteration

klidyamāne cirataraṃ janturduḥkhamavāpnute /

svena karmavipākena dehāntaragato 'pi san

Translation

その存在が長く惨めで衰朽する状態にとどまるあいだ、すでに別の状態・身体に入っているにもかかわらず、自らの業の成熟に駆られて苦しみを受ける。

Word by Word

• klidyamāne: while (he is) being afflicted
• klidyamāne: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: klid (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Present passive participle sense), सप्तमी एकवचन (Locative singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग-सामान्य प्रयोग; ‘क्लिद्यमाने (सति)’ = ‘while being tormented/afflicted’

• cirataraṃ: for a longer time
• cirataraṃ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ciratara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverbial accusative use), तुलनात्मक-रूप (comparative)

• jantuḥ: the creature/soul
• jantuḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jantu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• duḥkham: sorrow, suffering
• duḥkham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• avāpnute: attains/experiences
• avāpnute: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: āp (धातु) उपसर्गः ava-
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• svena: by his own
• svena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; विशेषणम् ‘कर्मविपाकेन’

• karma-vipākena: by the fruition/result of (his) deeds
• karma-vipākena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karma (प्रातिपदिक) + vipāka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: कर्मणः विपाकः), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• deha-antara-gataḥ: gone to another body (reincarnated)
• deha-antara-gataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: deha (प्रातिपदिक) + antara (प्रातिपदिक) + gata (गम्-धातु, क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (dehāntara = ‘another body’; dehāntara-gata = ‘gone to another body’), क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle) ‘gata’, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषणम् ‘jantuḥ’

• api: even
• api: Sambandha/Avadhāraṇa (सम्बन्ध/अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle), अर्थः ‘even/also’

• san: being
• san: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present participle) ‘सन्’, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; ‘being’

Speakers

• Frame-dialogue context not provided in input (likely within the Purāṇic instruction on preta-gati)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Karma
• Afterlife
• Preta state
• Moral causality

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Suffering after death is not arbitrary: it follows the law of karma (karmavipāka). The verse stresses personal moral accountability continuing beyond physical death.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily Dharma/karma instruction rather than pañcalakṣaṇa history; it aligns most closely with didactic material embedded in Purāṇic narration (not Sarga/Pratisarga/Manvantara/Vaṃśa/Vaṃśānucarita as a core unit).

What is the esoteric significance?

“Entering another body/state” while still “decaying” points to the subtle-body (preta/ātivāhika) continuity: the jīva carries karmic impressions that shape experience between death and the next embodiment.