Shloka 60

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

प्राप्तेषु दृक्पथं तेषु जायते तस्य वेपथुः ।

क्रन्दत्यविरतं सोऽथ भ्रातृ-मातृसुतानथ ॥

Transliteration

prāpteṣu dṛkpathaṃ teṣu jāyate tasya vepathuḥ / krandaty avirataṃ so 'tha bhrātṛ-mātṛ-sutān atha

Translation

彼らが視界の届くところへ来ると、彼の内に震えが起こる。やがて彼は絶え間なく泣き、兄と母と息子たちの名を呼び叫ぶ。

Word by Word

• prāpteṣu: when (they) have arrived / upon their arrival
• prāpteṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pra-√āp (धातु) → prāpta (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); past passive participle used adjectivally; Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं) agreeing with teṣu

• dṛkpatham: the range of sight, field of vision
• dṛkpatham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dṛk-patha (प्रातिपदिक; dṛk + patha)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• teṣu: in them / when they (are present)
• teṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); demonstrative pronoun

• jāyate: arises, is born
• jāyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √jan (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• tasya: of him
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); pronoun

• vepathuḥ: trembling, shudder
• vepathuḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vepathu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• krāndati: cries, wails
• krāndati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √krand (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• aviratam: unceasingly
• aviratam: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: avirata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण द्वितीया), Neuter singular used as adverb

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); pronoun

• atha: then
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle/sequence marker (निपात)

• bhrātṛ-mātṛ-sutān: brothers, mothers, and sons
• bhrātṛ-mātṛ-sutān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhrātṛ + mātṛ + suta (प्रातिपदिकानि)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); dvandva compound meaning a group

• atha: then
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात); verse-final connective; text reads anatha, taken as atha by sandhi/orthography

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt (didactic narration)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Yama (by contextual continuation)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Fear at death
• Attachment to family
• Consequences of adharma

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

At death, worldly attachments surface as helpless lamentation; dharmic living is implied to grant steadiness, whereas adharma culminates in panic and dependence.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma/eschatology instruction.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘calling for relatives’ depicts the mind’s reflex to grasp familiar identities when confronted by dissolution; spiritual preparation is, therefore, training in non-clinging and clarity.