Shloka 57

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

मोहाज्ञानप्रदातारः प्राप्नुवन्ति महद्भयम् ।

वेदनाभिरुदग्राभिः प्रपीड्यन्तेऽधमा नराः ॥

Transliteration

mohājñānapradātāraḥ prāpnuvanti mahad bhayam / vedanābhir udagrābhiḥ prapīḍyante 'dhamā narāḥ

Translation

迷妄と無明を授ける者は大いなる恐怖に遭い、卑劣な者どもは激しい苦痛に責め苛まれる。

Word by Word

• mohājñānapradātāraḥ: givers of delusion and ignorance
• mohājñānapradātāraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: moha-ajñāna-pradātṛ (प्रातिपदिक; moha + ajñāna + pradātṛ)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• prāpnuvanti: attain, incur
• prāpnuvanti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √āp (धातु) with pra-
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• mahat: great
• mahat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying bhayam

• bhayam: fear
• bhayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vedanābhiḥ: by pains
• vedanābhiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vedanā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• udagrābhiḥ: intense, towering
• udagrābhiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: udagra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); adjective qualifying vedanābhiḥ

• prapīḍyante: are tormented
• prapīḍyante: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√pīḍ (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन); passive sense (कर्मणि प्रयोग)

• adhamāḥ: base, vile
• adhamāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: adhama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); adjective qualifying narāḥ

• narāḥ: men, persons
• narāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt (didactic narration)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "raudra", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Ethics of teaching/speech
• Karmaphala
• Fear and pain at death

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Not only physical charity but intellectual-moral responsibility matters: spreading delusion is a grave harm, ripening as fear and intense suffering.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma instruction.

What is the esoteric significance?

Moha/ajñāna cloud buddhi; at death, clarity is crucial. Those who cultivate confusion in self/others face amplified inner terror when the mind confronts its own darkness.