Shloka 88
Devanagari script
युधिछिर उवाच तप: स्वधर्मवर्तित्वं मनसो दमनं दम: । क्षमा द्न्द्सहिष्णुत्वं ह्वीरकार्यनिवर्तनम्
Transliteration
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | tapaḥ svadharmavartitvaṃ manaso damanaṃ damaḥ | kṣamā dvandvasahiṣṇutvaṃ hrīr akāryanivartanam ||
Translation
ユディシュティラは言った。「己の務め（svadharma）に堅く住することが苦行（tapas）である。心を制することが自制（dama）である。寒暑など相対する二つを耐え忍ぶことが寛恕（kṣamā）である。慎み（hrī）とは、なすべからざる行いから身を退くことである。」
Word by Word
युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तपःausterity
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
स्वधर्मवर्तित्वम्abiding in one’s own duty
स्वधर्मवर्तित्वम्:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्मवर्तित्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मनसःof the mind
मनसः:
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
दमनम्restraint
दमनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदमन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दमःself-control
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षमाforbearance
क्षमा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षमा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
द्वन्द्वसहिष्णुत्वम्endurance of pairs of opposites
द्वन्द्वसहिष्णुत्वम्:
TypeNoun
Rootद्वन्द्वसहिष्णुत्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ह्रीःmodesty/shame
ह्रीः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootह्री
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अकार्यनिवर्तनम्turning back from what should not be done
अकार्यनिवर्तनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअकार्यनिवर्तन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
युधिछिर उवाच
Characters & Entities
Y
YudhiṣṭhiraCharacter Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse defines key virtues in practical terms: tapas is fidelity to one’s own dharma, dama is restraint of the mind, kṣamā is endurance of life’s dualities, and hrī is refraining from improper deeds.
In the Vana Parva’s didactic setting, Yudhiṣṭhira articulates ethical definitions—clarifying how inner discipline and moral restraint should be understood and practiced.