Shloka 53

Duryodhana’s Śaraṇāgati and the Pāṇḍavas’ Resolve

Gandharva Encounter

Devanagari script

रुद्रं सत्कर्मभिर्मत्या: पूजयन्तीह दैवतम्‌ । शिवमित्येव य॑ प्राहुरीशं रुद्रे पितामहम्‌

Transliteration

rudraṃ satkarmabhir matyāḥ pūjayantīha daivatam | śivam ity eva yaṃ prāhur īśaṃ rudre pitāmaham ||

Translation

マールカンデーヤは語った。「この世において人々は、正しき行いによってルドラを神威として礼拝する。そして彼をただ『シヴァ』と呼ぶ—主にして至上なる者—まことに、ルドラの内に宿るピターマハ（原初の根源）そのものとして。」

Word by Word

• रुद्रम्: Rudra
• रुद्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सत्कर्मभिः: with good deeds
• सत्कर्मभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्कर्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• मर्त्याः: mortals
• मर्त्याः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्त्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पूजयन्ति: worship
• Type: Verb
• Root: पूज्
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• इह: here (in this world)
• इह: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह

• दैवतम्: the deity
• दैवतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैवत
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• शिवम्: Śiva
• शिवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• इति: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• एव: indeed/only
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• यत्: which (name/word)
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• प्राहुः: they have said/call
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र+अह्
• Form: Perfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• ईशम्: the Lord
• ईशम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• रुद्रे: in/with regard to Rudra
• रुद्रे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• पितामहम्: the grandsire (Brahmā)
• पितामहम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितामह
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Mārkaṇḍeya
• Rudra
• Śiva
• Īśa
• Pitāmaha

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

True worship of the divine is expressed through satkarma—ethical, righteous conduct—while recognizing Rudra as Śiva, the auspicious Lord and supreme principle.

What is happening in the narrative?

Mārkaṇḍeya is describing how mortals in the world honor Rudra/Śiva, emphasizing both the proper mode of worship (good deeds) and the exalted status and names by which the deity is known.